{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:33:46Z","timestamp":1787243626993,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is one kind of critical lung diseases in newborn infants, which is the most difficult one to be diagnosed by ultrasound. This study was to investigate the specific ultrasonic signs of PH in order to better diagnose neonatal PH by using lung ultrasound (LUS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total 168 newborn infants were enrolled in this study, which included PH, pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, and newborns without lung diseases, there were 42 cases in each group. In a quiet state, infants were placed in the supine, lateral or prone position for the examination. Each lung was divided into the anterior, lateral and posterior regions, then each region of both lungs was scanned with the probe perpendicular to the ribs or parallel to the Intercostal spaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The major results showed that: (1) the common LUS manifestation of PH includes lung consolidation, air bronchograms, fluid bronchograms, pleural effusion, shred signs, pleural line abnormality and B-lines, while fibrin deposition sign is a rare sign of PH. (2) Co-existing of lung consolidation with fluid bronchograms and pleural effusion is the specific sign of PH with a sensitivity of 81.0%, specificity of 98.4% and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 94.4%. (3) Fibrin deposition sign is an uncommon specific LUS sign of PH with a sensitivity 28.6%, specificity of 100% and the PPV was 100%. (4) Nine patients (21.4%) were diagnosed with PH based on ultrasound findings before oronasal bleeding. (5) The survival rate of infants with PH was 100% in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LUS is helpful for the early diagnosis of neonatal PH and may therefore improve the prognosis. The lung consolidation with fluid bronchograms and pleural effusion as well as fibrin deposition sign are specific to diagnose PH by using LUS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1090332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T02:45:50Z","timestamp":1674009950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The specific signs of lung ultrasound to diagnose pulmonary hemorrhage of the newborns: Evidence from a multicenter retrospective case-control study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Han","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zu-Lin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.1000853","article-title":"Risk factor profile of massive pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates: the impact on survival studied in a tertiary care centre","volume":"29","author":"Yum","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16127","article-title":"Pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates: systematic review of management","volume":"111","author":"Barnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2013.12.008","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and outcomes associated with pulmonary hemorrhage in newborns","volume":"90","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2021.60.01.12","article-title":"Short-term outcome of massive pulmonary hemorrhage in preterm infants in tuzla canton","volume":"60","author":"Had\u017ei\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-1867","article-title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: radiographic evolution, course, complications and long-term clinical outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1891\/11-T-696","article-title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage in the neonate","volume":"40","author":"Welde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2014.01.002","article-title":"Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage: clues to the diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Lichtenberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08602-z","article-title":"Childhood cancer risks estimates following CT scans: an update of the French CT cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Foucault","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.844125","article-title":"Lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of neonatal lung disease","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000863","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasound in the neonatal ICU","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24792","article-title":"Lung ultrasound in the neonatal intensive care unit: review of the literature and future perspectives","volume":"55","author":"Corsini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1256997","article-title":"Lung ultrasonography to diagnose pulmonary hemorrhage of the newborn","volume":"30","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58990","DOI":"10.3791\/58990","article-title":"Protocol and guidelines for point-of-care lung ultrasound in diagnosing neonatal pulmonary diseases based on international expert consensus","volume":"145","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060516663954","article-title":"Lung ultrasonography to diagnose meconium aspiration syndrome of the newborn","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.1993777","article-title":"Lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of severe pneumonia of the newborn","volume":"146","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12081776","article-title":"Lung ultrasound to diagnose pneumonia in neonates with fungal infection","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092253","article-title":"Lung ultrasound monitoring of legionella ventilator-associated pneumonia in an extremely low-birth-weight infant","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1940943","article-title":"Specification and guideline for technical aspects and scanning parameter settings of neonatal lung ultrasound examination","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1623198","article-title":"Neonatal lung diseases: lung ultrasound or chest x-ray","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1152577","article-title":"The significance and the necessity of routinely performing lung ultrasound in the neonatal intensive care units","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5826","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005826","article-title":"Routine application of lung ultrasonography in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e284","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1709667","article-title":"Structured neonatal point-of-care ultrasound training program","volume":"38","author":"Kurepa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1090332\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T02:45:52Z","timestamp":1674009952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1090332\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2023.1090332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1090332","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"article-number":"1090332"}}