{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:12:22Z","timestamp":1753891942759,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 is known to manifest a robust innate immune response. However, little is known about inflammatory influences from maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection or maternal mRNA vaccination upon the fetus. In addition, it is unknown if Vitamin D deficiency influences fetal homeostasis or if an anti-inflammatory mechanism to the development of possible innate cytokines or acute phase reactants by the maternal\/fetal dyad, in the form of cortisol elevations, occur. In addition, effects on Complete Blood Count (CBC) are not known.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the neonatal acute phase reactants and anti-inflammatory responses after maternal SARS-CoV-2 disease or mRNA vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples and medical records reviews from mother\/baby dyads (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200997) were collected consecutively, and were categorized into 4 groups; no SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination exposure (Control), Vaccinated mothers, maternal SARS-CoV-2 disease positive\/IgG titer positive fetal blood, and maternal SARS-CoV-2 positive\/IgG titer negative fetal blood. SARS-CoV-2 IgG\/IgM\/IgA titers, CBC, CRP, ferritin, cortisol, and Vitamin D were obtained to examine the possible development of an innate immune response and possible anti-inflammatory response. Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and Chi-squared with Bonferroni corrections were used to compare groups. Multiple imputations were performed for missing data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cortisol was higher in babies of both mothers who were vaccinated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and SARS-CoV-2 positive\/IgG positive (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) as compared to the control group suggesting an attempt to maintain homeostasis in these groups. Measurements of ferritin, CRP, and vitamin D did not reach statistical significance. CBC showed no variation, except for the mean platelet volume (MPV), which was elevated in babies whose mothers were vaccinated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and SARS-CoV-2 positive\/IgG positive (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) as compared to the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute phase reactant elevations were not noted in our neonates. Vitamin D levels were unchanged from homeostatic levels. Cord blood at birth, showed Cortisol and MPV higher in vaccinated and SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive mother\/baby dyads as compared to the Control group, indicating that possible anti-inflammatory response was generated. The implication of possible inflammatory events and subsequent cortisol and\/or MPV elevation effects upon the fetus after SARS-CoV-2 disease or vaccination is unknown and merits further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1092561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T04:54:04Z","timestamp":1678942444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Examination of cord blood at birth in women with SARS-CoV-2 exposure and\/or vaccination during pregnancy and relationship to fetal complete blood count, cortisol, ferritin, vitamin D, and CRP"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Mendenhall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Nudelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Weese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Muckleroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Needens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Addicott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica Dailey","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashlee","family":"Roybal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Cottrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Govindaswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2030455","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.30455","article-title":"Assessment of maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 viral load, transplacental antibody transfer, and placental pathology in pregnancies during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Edlow","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947549","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.947549","article-title":"SARS-CoV2 Infection during pregnancy causes persistent immune abnormalities in women without affecting the newborns","volume":"13","author":"Vazquez-Alejo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320338","article-title":"Why is COVID-19 less severe in children? 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