{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T16:15:30Z","timestamp":1769357730948,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the radiographic manifestation and clinical appearance of children with congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS) retrospectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of children with CRUS from multiple medical centers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 329 patients (male 259, female 70) with an average age of 5.4 years (0.5\u201316 years old), were included in this study. In particular, 145 patients (145\/329, 44.1%) demonstrated bilateral involvement, and 184 patients (left 123, right 61) demonstrated unilateral involvement. As for Clear and Omery (C&amp;amp;O) classification, most patients belonged to Type III, and then followed by Type IV. As for Chinese Multi-center Pediatric Orthopedic Study Group (CMPOS) classification, most patients belonged to Type III, and then followed by Type II and Type I. In C&amp;amp;O Type III, 92.03% patients demonstrated severe pronation. According to CMPOS classification, 92.98% Type I patients demonstrated neutral to mild pronation, 72.17% Type II patients demonstrated moderate pronation, and 92.03% Type III patients demonstrated severe pronation. The age distribution showed no significant difference between C&amp;amp;O Type II and IV (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.96); the pronation ankylosis severity showed no significant difference between C&amp;amp;O Type II and IV (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.387).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although CRUS is a rare forearm deformity, there are certain relation between radiographic manifestation and clinical forearm functional restriction. CRUS patients of C&amp;amp;O or CMPOS Type III classification might suffer severe pronation deformity and warrant early intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1117060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T05:39:41Z","timestamp":1677821981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The relation between radiographic manifestation and clinical characteristics of congenital radioulnar synostosis in children: A retrospective study from multiple centers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pan","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Zheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PengFei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-01133","article-title":"Congenital radioulnar synostosis","volume":"29","author":"Rutkowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000841","article-title":"Results after treatment of congenital radioulnar synostosis: a systematic review and pooled data analysis","volume":"30","author":"Barik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19782","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019782","article-title":"Congenital unilateral proximal radioulnar synostosis: a surgical case report","volume":"99","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193417753261","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of deformities of the radius and ulna in congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis","volume":"43","author":"Nakasone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.04.009","article-title":"Long-term results after a free vascularized adipofascial graft for congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis with an average follow-up of 10 years: a series of four cases","volume":"25","author":"Kanaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.12.004","article-title":"Application of 3-dimensional printing technology in rotational osteotomy of congenital radioulnar synostosis","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-22-111","article-title":"Rotational osteotomy with single incision and elastic fixation for congenital radioulnar synostosis in children: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e756","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002191","article-title":"Double-level intraperiosteal derotational osteotomy for congenital radioulnar synostosis","volume":"42","author":"Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2019.03.009","article-title":"Is short-term hand therapy effective in a child with congenital radioulnar synostosis? 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