{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T20:29:39Z","timestamp":1754598579747,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low-grade frontal lobe tumors (LGFLT) can be cured through total resection, but surgical trauma could impair higher-order cognitive function. We aim to characterize the short-term natural cognitive recovery and brain plasticity in surgically-treated pediatric patients with LGFLT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten pediatric patients with LGFLT were enrolled. Their cognitive function was assessed before the surgery (S0), in the first month post-surgery (S1), and 3\u20136 months post-surgery (S2), using the CNS Vital Signs battery. DTI and rs-fMRI were performed during the same time periods. Changes of cognition and image metrics between S1&amp;gt;S0 and S2&amp;gt;S1 were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Motor Speed (MotSp) and Reaction Time (RT) scores significantly decreased in S1 and recovered in S2. Rs-fMRI showed decreased functional connectivity (FC) between the bilateral frontal lobes and bilateral caudates, putamina, and pallidi in S1&amp;gt;S0 (voxel threshold <jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-unc &lt; 0.001<\/jats:bold>, cluster threshold <jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-FDR &lt; 0.05<\/jats:bold>). In S2&amp;gt;S1, FC recovery was observed in the neighboring frontal cortex areas (<jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-unc &lt;0.001<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-FDR &lt; 0.05<\/jats:bold>). Among them, the FC in the caudates-right inferior frontal gyri was positively correlated to the RT (<jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-FDR &lt; 0.05<\/jats:bold>). A DTI Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis showed decreased fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity mainly in the corticospinal tracts, cingulum, internal capsule, and external capsule at 0\u20136 months post-surgery (TFCE-<jats:bold><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05<\/jats:bold>). The DTI metrics were not associated with the cognitive data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Processing speed impairment after an LGFLT resection can recover naturally within 3\u20136 months in school-age children. Rs-fMRI is more sensitive to short-term brain plasticity than DTI TBSS analysis. \u201cMap expansion\u201d plasticity in the frontal-basal ganglia circuit may contribute to the recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1127098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T10:09:46Z","timestamp":1678442986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early recovery of cognition and brain plasticity after surgery in children with low-grade frontal lobe 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