{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:31:42Z","timestamp":1789140702001,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the association of pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neonatal seizures during neonatal hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this nested case\u2013control study, all data were collected from the data files of the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) 2016\u20132021. Considering the effect of confounders, we used the propensity-score matching (PSM; case:control\u2009=\u20091:4) method to select the study population. The outcome was considered the occurrence of neonatal seizures. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were adopted to assess the association of PGDM and GDM with neonatal seizures. We also conducted stratified analyses according to gestational age, birthweight, 5\u2005min Apgar score, and maternal age to explore the potential disparities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After using the PSM method, a total of 6,674 cases of neonatal seizures and 26,696 controls were included. After adjusting for covariates, PGDM was associated with an increased risk of neonatal seizures [odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15\u20131.98], whereas the association between GDM and neonatal seizures is not statistically significant. In addition, the correlation between PGDM and increased risk of neonatal seizures was observed in neonates with a gestational age of 37\u201342 weeks and \u226542 weeks, with a 5\u2005min Apgar score of \u22657, and with a maternal age of \u226440 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PGDM was found to be closely associated with an increased risk of neonatal seizures. The findings of our study indicated that neonatologists should consider monitoring the incidence of neonatal seizures in neonates born to mothers with PGDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1145443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T15:12:11Z","timestamp":1689261131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The association between maternal diabetes and neonatal seizures: a nested case\u2013Control study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yanjin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juman","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianbin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000494702","article-title":"Incidence of epilepsy after neonatal seizures: a population-based study","volume":"52","author":"Andreolli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.01361","article-title":"Neonatal seizures: diagnostic updates based on new definition and classification","volume":"65","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3233\/npm-200499","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of adverse outcomes in neonatal seizures","volume":"15","author":"Famra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2013.05.008","article-title":"Epidemiology and aetiology of neonatal seizures","volume":"18","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1712487","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality among newborns with neonatal seizures","volume":"52","author":"Tanous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100213","article-title":"Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with pregestational diabetes mellitus in infants born preterm","volume":"2","author":"Tse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0264117","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264117","article-title":"Risk factors for seizures in the vigorous term neonate: a population-based register study of singleton births in Sweden","volume":"17","author":"Dickmark","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.07.008","article-title":"Antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for seizures in term newborns: a population-based study, California 1998\u20132002","volume":"154","author":"Glass","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210092001","article-title":"Maternal risk factors for term neonatal seizures: population-based study in Colorado, 1989\u20132003","volume":"21","author":"Hall","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(19)30193-7","article-title":"Association between maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and preterm birth according to maternal age and race or ethnicity: a population-based study","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003158","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003158","article-title":"Maternal cigarette smoking before and during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth: a dose\u2013response analysis of 25 million mother-infant pairs","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05449-0","article-title":"Association between very advanced maternal age women with gestational diabetes mellitus and the risks of adverse infant outcomes: a cohort study from the NVSS 2014\u20132019","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00932-9","article-title":"Pre-gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0000000000001055","article-title":"Propensity score matching: a powerful tool for analyzing observational nonrandomized data","volume":"34","author":"Badhiwala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060520986311","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520986311","article-title":"Association of cystatin C levels with metabolic syndrome incidence: a nested case\u2013control study with propensity score matching","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.04.016","article-title":"Seizures in preterm neonates: a multicenter observational cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Glass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1505853","article-title":"Seizures in newborn infants without hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy\u2014antenatal and labor-related risk factors: a case\u2013control study","volume":"33","author":"Malmqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9544","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2022.2047924","article-title":"Antenatal factors for neonatal seizures among late preterm births","volume":"35","author":"McLaren","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.05.012","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses compared to the general population based on propensity score matching: a nationwide cross-sectional study in China","volume":"310","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02355-1","article-title":"No significant relationship exists between tumor size and prognosis in distant metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis based on SEER database","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100971","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of seizures in the preterm infant","volume":"42","author":"Twanow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14537","article-title":"Incidence of neonatal seizures, perinatal risk factors for epilepsy and mortality after neonatal seizures in the province of Parma, Italy","volume":"59","author":"Pisani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030460","article-title":"Parity and interval from previous delivery-influence on perinatal outcome in advanced maternal age parturients","volume":"10","author":"Naeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1501738","article-title":"Planned out-of-hospital birth and birth outcomes","volume":"373","author":"Snowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"59","article-title":"Causes and factors associated with neonatal seizure and its short-term outcome: a retrospective prognostic cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Nemati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Child Neurol"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"S81","article-title":"Neonatal management of pregnancy complicated by diabetes","volume":"66","author":"Mohsin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1520-6661(200001\/02)9:1%3C35::Aid-mfm8%3E3.0.Co;2-6","article-title":"Level of glycemia and perinatal outcome in pregestational diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Langer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5718","article-title":"Pregestational diabetes in pregnancy: complications, management, surveillance, and mechanisms of disease \u2013 a review","volume":"40","author":"Shub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10846","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710846","article-title":"A systematic review to compare adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Malaza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13546","article-title":"Intrapartum glycaemic control and neonatal hypoglycaemia in pregnancies complicated by diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1145443\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T15:12:15Z","timestamp":1689261135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1145443\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2023.1145443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1145443","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"article-number":"1145443"}}