{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:43:56Z","timestamp":1770918236586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Failure of open reduction of developmental hip dislocation is a serious complication and revision surgery appear to be technically demanding with high complication rates. Little attention has been given in literature to patients in whom open reduction of developmental hip dislocation has failed. We present a systematic review about current perspectives and timing when to perform surgical revision after failed open reduction of developmental hip dislocation in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following the recommendations of the \u201cPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses\u201d (PRISMA) statements we performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed and Google Scholar bibliographic database in order to select all studies published between 1980 and 2022. Studies were screened for the reasons for failure of open reduction, timing when revision surgery was performed, and for the surgical techniques used for revision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 10 articles including 252 patients and 268 hips has been recorded. The most common causes of re-dislocation after open reduction are inadequate exposure and failure to release the obstructing soft tissues inside and around the hip. In 90% of the cases the anterolateral approach was performed for revision surgery. Avascular necrosis occurred in 5%\u201367% of cases and was the most encountered complication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Redislocation of developmental hip dislocation after an open reduction has poor long-term outcomes mainly due to a high rate of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. It is mandatory to obtain a stable reduction at the second surgery combining soft tissue release, capsulorrhaphy, pelvic and femoral osteotomies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1146332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T07:47:51Z","timestamp":1691567271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Treatment perspective after failed open reduction of congenital hip dislocation. A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Merckaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Zambelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"513","article-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume-title":"Tachdjian's pediatric orthopaedics","author":"Herring","year":"2008"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238607","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/238607","article-title":"The epidemiology and demographics of hip dysplasia","volume":"2011","author":"Loder","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Orthop"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.11.8.249","article-title":"Congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"11","author":"MacEwen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"41","article-title":"DDH: diagnosis and treatment strategies","volume-title":"European instructional lectures European federation of national associations of orthopaedics and traumatology","author":"Graf","year":"2009"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-020-00908-2","article-title":"Recommendations for early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH): working group intersociety consensus document","volume":"46","author":"Agostiniani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-011-0366-y","article-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip: impact of sonographic newborn hip screening on the outcome of early treated decentered hip joints-a single center retrospective comparative cohort study based on graf\u2019s method of hip ultrasonography","volume":"5","author":"Tschauner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04655-1","article-title":"Risk factors for failed closed reduction in dislocated developmental dysplastic hips","volume":"44","author":"Walter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B5.0840716","article-title":"The efficacy of the pavlik harness, the craig splint and the von Rosen splint in the management of neonatal dysplasia of the hip","volume":"84","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103580","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/103580","article-title":"Treatment of the developmental dysplasia of the hip with an abduction brace in children up to 6 months old","volume":"2015","author":"Wahlen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976367","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.976367","article-title":"Comparison of treatment outcomes of stable and unstable developmental dysplasia of the hip with the tubingen splint","volume":"10","author":"Chaibi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0979-2346","article-title":"Closed reduction as therapeutic gold standard for treatment of congenital hip dislocation","volume":"158","author":"Walter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z Orthop Unfall"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i11.886","article-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip: what has changed in the last 20 years?","volume":"6","author":"Kotlarsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3685-x","article-title":"Long-term results of closed reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip in children of walking age under eighteen months old","volume":"42","author":"Cha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B8.14208","article-title":"Closed reduction of developmental dislocation of the hip by prolonged traction","volume":"85","author":"Yamada","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000338","article-title":"Medial versus anterior open reduction for developmental hip dislocation in age-matched patients","volume":"35","author":"Hoellwarth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.04.021","article-title":"Surgical reduction of congenital hip dislocation","volume":"104","author":"Glorion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.4055\/cios19151","article-title":"Revision of failed open reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"12","author":"Elzohairy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-71038-4_23","article-title":"Review of the literature on open reduction of the hip","volume-title":"Congenital dysplasia and dislocation of the hip in children and adults","author":"Tonnis","year":"1987"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678408992953","article-title":"Treatment of failed open reduction for congenital dislocation of the hip. A 10-year follow-up of 14 patients","volume":"55","author":"Bos","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"824","article-title":"Salvage operations for failure of previous surgery in congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"19","author":"Herold","year":"1983","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198911000-00001","article-title":"Treatment of failed open reduction for congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"9","author":"McCluskey","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B5.8376431","article-title":"Revision of failed open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"75","author":"Kershaw","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B23","first-page":"763","article-title":"Treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip after failed open reduction","volume":"97","author":"Hsieh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"284","article-title":"Failures of open reduction in developmental dislocation of the hip","volume":"11","author":"Chmielewski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-005-0654-6","article-title":"Re-dislocation following open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"29","author":"Kamath","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"91","article-title":"Revision surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"60","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"45","article-title":"Revision surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), midterm result","volume":"53","author":"Abouelnas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt Orthop J"},{"key":"B28","first-page":"775","article-title":"Causes of failure in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"26","author":"Ponseti","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197401000-00013","article-title":"A comparison of the innominate and the pericapsular osteotomy in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"98","author":"McKay","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195032030-00004","article-title":"Congenital dislocation of the hip; development of the joint after closed reduction","author":"Severin","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-0578(07)60047-0","article-title":"Design of controller using variable transformations for a nonlinear process with dead time","volume":"44","author":"Anandanatarajan","year":"2005","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"115","article-title":"Open reduction after failure of conservative treatment for congenital dislocation of the hip initiated before the age of six months","volume":"89","author":"Wicart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31820c9b31","article-title":"Risk factors for failure after open reduction for DDH: a matched cohort analysis","volume":"31","author":"Sankar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318236b1fc","article-title":"The early detection and management of unstable concentric closed reduction of DDH with percutaneous K-wire fixation in infants 6\u201312 months of age","volume":"32","author":"Alsiddiky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000284","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of a transarticular pin for maintaining reduction in patients with developmental dislocation of the hip undergoing an open reduction","volume":"35","author":"Castaneda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1146332\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T07:48:01Z","timestamp":1691567281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1146332\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2023.1146332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1146332","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"article-number":"1146332"}}