{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:48:05Z","timestamp":1788263285603,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The context for this review is the rapid increase in the use of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar in foods and beverages, a situation so prevalent in some countries that consumers are finding it increasingly challenging to access foods without NNSs. The benefits of consuming NNSs on obesity and diabetes are now being questioned, and studies have shown that they may exert physiological activities, sometimes independently of sweet taste receptor stimulation. Few studies, limited mainly to North American and European countries, have described the consumption of NNSs by pregnant or lactating women and infants. Most focus on beverages rather than foods, but all agree that consumption levels have increased dramatically. Although some studies report a negative impact of NNSs on the risk of preterm birth, increased birth weight and decreased gestational age, the level of evidence is low. Several studies have also reported increased weight gain in infancy, associated with maternal NNS intake. Interestingly, several NNSs have been detected in amniotic fluid and breast milk, usually (but not always) at concentrations below their established detection limit in humans. Unfortunately, the impact of chronic exposure of the fetus\/infant to low levels of multiple NNSs is unknown. In conclusion, there is a stark contrast between the galloping increase in the consumption of NNSs and the small number of studies evaluating their impact in at-risk groups such as pregnant and lactating women and infants. Clearly, more studies are needed, especially in Latin America and Asia, to fill these gaps and update recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1200990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T04:31:02Z","timestamp":1686544262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Maternal consumption and perinatal exposure to non-nutritive sweeteners: should we be concerned?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Francisca","family":"Concha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Sambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"L\u00f3pez-Arana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bielka","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Gotteland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192627","article-title":"Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"120","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789X.2003.00102.x","article-title":"Effects of sugar intake on body weight: a review","volume":"4","author":"Vermunt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.195","article-title":"Nutritional programming of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Symonds","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.147934","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 intake of sugar-containing beverages during pregnancy and body composition of their children during childhood: the generation R study","volume":"105","author":"Jen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3305\/nh.2013.28.sup4.6793","article-title":"Una visi\u00f3n global y actual de los edulcorantes: aspectos de regulaci\u00f3n","volume":"28","author":"Garc\u00eda-Almeida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130991","article-title":"Natural sweeteners: sources, extraction and current uses in foods and food industries","volume":"370","author":"Castro-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.034751","article-title":"Low-calorie sweetener consumption is increasing in the United States","volume":"96","author":"Sylvetsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.00068","article-title":"Overuse of non-caloric sweeteners in foods and beverages in Chile: a threat to consumers\u2019 free choice?","volume":"7","author":"Sambra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw032","article-title":"Biological fate of low-calorie sweeteners","volume":"74","author":"Magnuson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625415","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.625415","article-title":"The effects of non-nutritive sweetener consumption in the pediatric populations: what we know, what we don't, and what we need to learn","volume":"12","author":"Shum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2020.59","article-title":"Low-calorie sweeteners in the human diet: scientific evidence, recommendations, challenges and future needs. 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