{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:22:36Z","timestamp":1787026956183,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We wish to determine the prevalence and risk factors of incomplete peripheral avascular retina (IPAR) in children screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its association with oxygen saturation (SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) targets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective review of retinal images of premature infants born and screened for ROP in Auckland Region, New Zealand, between January 2013 and December 2017 was conducted. Images were reviewed to determine if avascular retina was present at their final ROP screening. The prevalence of peripheral avascular retina was compared among infants born prior to (Group 1) and after (Group 2) 2015 when the SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      target was increased. Infants with any concurrent ocular pathology or who had received ROP treatment were excluded.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 62 (12.8%) of the total of 486 infants (247 in Group 1; 239 in Group 2) were found to have IPAR at their last ROP screening. Group 1 had more statistically significant infants with IPAR compared to Group 2 (39\/247 infants and 23\/239 infants respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Incomplete peripheral retinal vascularisation occurred at a prevalence of 12.8% in infants at risk of ROP. Higher SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      targets did not increase the prevalence of incomplete peripheral retinal vascularisation. Low gestational age and low birth weight are likely risk factors for the development of avascular retina. Further research into the risk factors associated with incomplete peripheral retinal vascularisation and the associated long-term outcomes is needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1203068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T04:32:27Z","timestamp":1687321947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Incomplete peripheral retinal vascularisation in retinopathy of prematurity: is it the consequence of changing oxygen saturation?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sigal Zmujack","family":"Yehiam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha K.","family":"Simkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Al-Taie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maisie","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Battin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.205","article-title":"Preterm-associated visual impairment and estimates of retinopathy of prematurity at regional and global levels for 2010","volume":"74","author":"Blencowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1309","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity among very preterm infants of the Australian and New Zealand neonatal network","volume":"115","author":"Darlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2716-1","article-title":"Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity: insights from outlier infants","volume":"252","author":"Port","year":"2014","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.002","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: a review of risk factors and their clinical significance","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(42)92088-9","article-title":"Extreme prematurity and fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath behind each crystalline Lens*\u202f: I. preliminary report","volume":"25","author":"Terry","year":"1942","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa023080","article-title":"Oxygen-saturation targets and outcomes in extremely preterm infants","volume":"349","author":"Askie","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302298","article-title":"Oxygen saturation and outcomes in preterm infants","volume":"368","author":"Stenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911781","article-title":"Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants","volume":"362","author":"Carlo","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000356561","article-title":"Optimal oxygenation of extremely low birth weight infants: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the oxygen saturation target studies","volume":"105","author":"Saugstad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060070042025","article-title":"An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity: II. 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