{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T05:01:53Z","timestamp":1764306113928,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To calculate the multivessel color Doppler indices in high-risk and low-risk pregnancies and relate these to fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The investigation involved 60 patients who were pregnant. The patients were separated into groups according to assessment of low and high risk. The patients underwent color Doppler ultrasonography to detect the maternal and fetal blood vessels, and the measured Doppler indices were then analyzed for any association with fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gestational stages (in weeks) of the participants at the respective times of investigation and delivery were 32.06\u2009\u00b1\u20092.98 and 36.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.78 in the low-risk group and 29.21\u2009\u00b1\u20091.95 and 29.83\u2009\u00b1\u20091.86 in the high-risk group. The pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), and systolic\/diastolic ratio (SD) decreased with gestation length in the low-risk group, whereas in the high-risk group, these values increased in the uterine and umbilical arteries. With increased gestational stage, MCA-PSV (peak systolic velocity) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) increased, while PI decreased. Pulsatile and reversal flow of the uterine vein, the vein of Galen, and the umbilical vein were noted in high-risk pregnancies, and these negatively affected the fetal outcome. The fetal venous parameters were more specific and sensitive for predicting an unfavorable fetal outcome than the arterial factors, with a greater negative predictive value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of our study indicate that abnormal Doppler indices of the blood vessels in high-risk pregnant patients will result in adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, the patients can be monitored and managed accordingly using Doppler ultrasonography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1221766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T05:46:40Z","timestamp":1708408000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Color Doppler ultrasound in high-low risk pregnancies and its relationship to fetal outcomes: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Snehil","family":"Dixit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitin Arun","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magbool","family":"Alelyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zia Ul","family":"Sabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shailendra","family":"Raghuwanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07830.x","article-title":"Inadequate maternal vascular response to placentation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and by small-for-gestational age infants","volume":"93","author":"Khong","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90587-0","article-title":"Cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia and acidemia in fetal lambs","volume":"120","author":"Cohn","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90466-2","article-title":"Doppler Ultrasonography in high-risk pregnancies: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"Alfirevic","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"649","article-title":"Qualitative assessment of uteroplacental blood flow: early screening test for high-risk pregnancies","volume":"68","author":"Campbell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70505-9","article-title":"Umbilical artery Doppler screening for detection of the small fetus in need of antepartum surveillance","volume":"182","author":"Baschat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OGX.0000133943.54530.76","article-title":"Pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction: implications for diagnosis and surveillance","volume":"59","author":"Baschat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1976","article-title":"Uterine artery Doppler at 11\u201314 weeks of gestation to screen for hypertensive disorders and associated complications in an unselected population","volume":"26","author":"Gomez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2591","article-title":"First-trimester screening for pre-eclampsia","volume":"26","author":"Campbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.07040262.x","article-title":"Venous Doppler in the fetus with absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery","volume":"7","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2015.01.005","article-title":"A uniform management approach to optimize outcome in fetal growth restriction","volume":"42","author":"Seravalli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2008.04.010","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00591.x","article-title":"The sequence of changes in Doppler and biophysical parameters as severe fetal growth restriction worsens","volume":"18","author":"Baschat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00590.x","article-title":"Monitoring of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction: a longitudinal study","volume":"18","author":"Hecher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"551","article-title":"Association of umbilical with inferior vena cava blood flow velocities","volume":"77","author":"Indik","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.1.129","article-title":"Assessment of fetal compromise by Doppler ultrasound investigation of the fetal circulation","volume":"91","author":"Hecher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03480-z","article-title":"Zone-specific reference ranges of fetal adrenal artery Doppler indices: a longitudinal study","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1026474","article-title":"Maternale kardiovaskul\u00e4re Adaptation w\u00e4hrend der Schwangerschaft (Maternal cardiovascular adaptation in pregnancy)","volume":"50","author":"Hohmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199412011-00001","article-title":"Maternal cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy","volume":"49","author":"Duvekot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00594.x","article-title":"Screening for pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction by uterine artery Doppler at 11\u201314 weeks of gestation","volume":"18","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7602","article-title":"Persistence of increased uterine artery resistance in the third trimester and pregnancy outcome","volume":"36","author":"Ghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01088-w","article-title":"Prevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial flow on Doppler ultrasound in low-risk and unselected pregnant women: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118799202","article-title":"The association of maternal age with fetal growth and newborn measures: the mumbai maternal nutrition project (MMNP)","volume":"26","author":"Di Gravio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2930","article-title":"Screening for pre-eclampsia by using changes in uterine artery Doppler indices with advancing gestation","volume":"32","author":"Napolitano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7572","article-title":"Uterine venous blood flow in normal and complicated pregnancies: a methodological study","volume":"35","author":"Thuring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.149","article-title":"Qualitative venous Doppler waveform analysis improves prediction of critical perinatal outcomes in premature growth-restricted fetuses","volume":"22","author":"Baschat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2005.46.5.652","article-title":"Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry during mid-second trimester to predict complications of pregnancy based on unilateral or bilateral abnormalities","volume":"46","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1996.24.2.141","article-title":"Chronic hypertension in pregnancy: color Doppler investigation of uterine arteries as a predictive test for superimposed preeclampsia and adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"24","author":"Caruso","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3805","article-title":"Fetal middle cerebral to uterine artery pulsatility index ratios in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies","volume":"28","author":"Simanaviciute","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3953","article-title":"Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity: a new Doppler parameter in the assessment of growth-restricted foetuses","volume":"29","author":"Mari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00311.x","article-title":"Reference values of fetal systolic blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery at 19\u221240 weeks of gestation","volume":"17","author":"Kurmanavicius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1010","article-title":"Prediction of fetal anemia in rhesus disease by measurement of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity","volume":"23","author":"Scheier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2002.077","article-title":"Blood flow velocity waveform of the fetal middle cerebral artery in a normal population: reference values from 18 weeks to 42 weeks of gestation","volume":"30","author":"Bahlmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1117","article-title":"Fetal cerebral venous Doppler velocimetry in normal and high-risk pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Cheema","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.26607","article-title":"Comparison of perinatal outcome of growth-restricted fetuses with normal and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms","volume":"60","author":"Malhotra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(85)80016-8","article-title":"Flow velocity waveforms in the maternal uteroplacental and fetal umbilical placental circulations","volume":"152","author":"Trudinger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199235020-00019","article-title":"Surveillance of the pregnant hypertensive patient with Doppler flow velocimetry","volume":"35","author":"Farmakides","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00222.x","article-title":"Fetal adrenal artery velocimetry measurements in appropriate-for-gestational age and intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses","volume":"16","author":"Tekay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911059","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.911059","article-title":"Early-onset preeclampsia is characterised by an increased vascular tone in internal jugular veins","volume":"9","author":"Dierickx","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6368","article-title":"First-trimester uterine artery Doppler indices in the prediction of small-for-gestational age pregnancy and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"33","author":"Melchiorre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1221766\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T05:46:43Z","timestamp":1708408003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1221766\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2023.1221766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1221766","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2360"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"article-number":"1221766"}}