{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:36:19Z","timestamp":1776429379090,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity and central precocious puberty (CPP) are associated with increased anxiety, depression, and anger in girls. The contribution of exercise as an ef\ufb01cacious component in decreasing anxiety, depression, and anger has been increasingly recognized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the effects of combined training on cortisol, anxiety, depression, and anger in overweight and obese girls with CPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study involved 30 girls aged 7\u20139 years diagnosed with CPP (undergoing triptorelin treatment) and dealing with obesity. In addition, these girls scored higher than the cut-off line for anxiety, depression, and anger. The participants were divided into two groups, with 15 individuals in each group. The exercise group engaged in 60\u2005min of combined aerobic and resistance training three times per week for a duration of 12 weeks. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any training. Throughout the study, the serum cortisol levels were measured in both groups. Anxiety, anger, and depression questionnaires were also completed at three different stages, namely, baseline, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks (after a 4-week period of detraining).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the exercise group, there was a significant decrease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) in cortisol serum levels and anxiety, depression, and anger scores. These changes were observed consistently during detraining (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). However, in the control group, only the depression score significantly decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the results, it can be concluded that combined training is a method to improve the mental health of CPP girls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/en.irct.ir\/trial\/61990<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier IRCT20170411033378N10.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1241744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T03:26:55Z","timestamp":1699932415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Combined training in addition to cortisol reduction can improve the mental health of girls with precocious puberty and 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