{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:44:38Z","timestamp":1787586278641,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is associated with important cardiovascular morbidity during the acute phase. Follow-up shows a swift recovery of cardiac abnormalities in most patients. However, a small portion of patients has persistent cardiac sequelae at mid-term. The goal of our study was to assess late cardiac outcomes of MIS-C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational multicenter study was performed in children admitted with MIS-C and cardiac involvement between April 2020 and March 2022. A follow-up by NT-proBNP measurement, echocardiography, 24-h Holter monitoring, and cardiac MRI (CMR) was performed at least 6 months after MIS-C diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 36 children with a median age of 10 (8.0\u201311.0) years, and among them, 21 (58%) were girls. At diagnosis, all patients had an elevated NT-proBNP, and 39% had a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (&amp;lt;55%). ECG abnormalities were present in 13 (36%) patients, but none presented with arrhythmia. Almost two-thirds of patients (58%) had echocardiographic abnormalities such as coronary artery dilation (20%), pericardial effusion (17%), and mitral valve insufficiency (14%). A decreased echocardiographic systolic left ventricular (LV) function was detected in 14 (39%) patients. A follow-up visit was done at a mean time of 12.1 (\u00b15.8) months (range 6\u201328 months). The ECG normalized in all except one, and no arrhythmias were detected on 24-h Holter monitoring. None had persistent coronary artery dilation or pericardial effusion. The NT-proBNP level and echocardiographic systolic LV function normalized in all patients, except for one, who had a severely reduced EF. The LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), as a marker of subclinical myocardial dysfunction, decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009\u22122) in 35%. CMR identified one patient with severely reduced EF and extensive myocardial fibrosis requiring heart transplantation. None of the other patients had signs of myocardial scarring on CMR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Late cardiac outcomes after MIS-C, if treated according to the current guidelines, are excellent. CMR does not show any myocardial scarring in children with normal systolic LV function. However, a subgroup had a decreased GLS at follow-up, possibly as a reflection of persistent subclinical myocardial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1253608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T23:40:26Z","timestamp":1692920426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of late cardiac effects after multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rik","family":"De Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Zaqout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mui\u00f1o-Mosquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlant","family":"van Berlaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristof","family":"Vandekerckhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Dewals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani\u00ebl","family":"De Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15811","article-title":"COVID-19 in children. 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