{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:46:44Z","timestamp":1780339604478,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therapeutic hypothermia is the only proven neuroprotective treatment for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, studies have questioned whether therapeutic hypothermia may benefit newborns subjected to infection or inflammation before a hypoxic-ischemic insult. We aimed to compare newborn piglets with lipopolysaccharide-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia treated with and without therapeutic hypothermia with regards to measures of neuroprotection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 32 male and female piglets were included in this randomized experimental study. Lipopolysaccharides from <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> were infused intravenously before initiation of a standardized global hypoxic-ischemic insult. The piglets were then randomized to either normothermia or therapeutic hypothermia. After 14\u2005h, the piglets were evaluated. Our primary outcome was brain lactate\/N-acetylaspartate ratio assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Secondary outcomes included measures of magnetic resonance imaging, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, immunohistochemistry, and concentration of blood cells and cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Piglets treated with and without therapeutic hypothermia were subjected to comparable global hypoxic-ischemic insults. We found no difference between the two groups with regards to measures of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, immunohistochemistry, and concentration of blood cells and cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found no indication of neuroprotection by therapeutic hypothermia in newborn piglets following lipopolysaccharide-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia. However, interpretation of the results is limited by the short observation period. Further studies are required to determine the potential clinical implications of these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1268237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T10:11:01Z","timestamp":1701166261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["No neuroprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia following lipopolysaccharide-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia: a newborn piglet study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mads","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah Brog\u00e5rd","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted Carl 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