{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:34:14Z","timestamp":1780922054034,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61976008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61976008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University Foundation, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022xkj111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xkj111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interventions using ultrasound-guided closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (UG-CRPP) of humeral lateral condylar fractures (HLCFs) have been increasingly applied; however, their effectiveness for unstable HLCFs and the criteria for ultrasound outcomes remain unclear. This study assessed the outcomes of UG-CRPP for HLCFs and evaluated the success criteria in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were retrospectively collected from 106 patients with unstable HLCFs admitted to three hospitals between January 2021 and August 2022. Fifty-five cases were left-sided and 51 cases were right-sided: 74 male patients and 32 female patients were included. Perioperative data, elbow function, complications, and criteria for UG-CRPP were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean rate of UG-CRPP was 88%. The mean surgical time was 54.56\u2009\u00b1\u200921.07\u2005min, and the mean fluoroscopy frequency was 9.25\u2009\u00b1\u20092.93 times. At the last follow-up, there were significant differences in elbow flexion between the affected side (135.82\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.92\u00b0) and the unaffected side (140.58\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.85\u00b0) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). The Mayo score of the affected side was 90.28\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.97\u00b0, the Baumann angle was 71.4\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4\u00b0, condylar shaft angle was 39.9\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4\u00b0, and the carrying angle was 8.4\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6\u00b0. Seventy patients presented mild lateral spurs and 16 patients exhibited moderate spurs. Fourteen patients presented with pin infection, and one patient exhibited postoperative re-displacement. There was no premature physeal closure, varus, or valgus elbow deformity, delayed union, or non-union. Successful ultrasound-based outcome criteria for UG-CRPP were defined as follows: (i) absent or less than a cartilage thickness step on the cartilage hinge on coronal plane parallel articular surface scanning, (ii) no lateral displacement and intact distal end of the condylar and capitellum on coronal plane vertical articular surface scanning, (iii) no anteroposterior displacement and absent or less than a cartilage thickness step on sagittal plane vertical articular surface scanning, and (iv) intact posterior fracture line or less than a cortex step on posterolateral sagittal plane vertical articular surface scanning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>UG-CRPP is a procedure with minimal blood loss, less invasive, cosmetic, and no radiation exposure. It yielded good outcomes in unstable HLCFs. The successful criteria make it suitable for clinical application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1373913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T04:39:58Z","timestamp":1709699998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Criteria of ultrasound-guided closed reduction with percutaneous pinning in unstable humeral lateral condylar fractures: a three-center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiuming","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200304000-00012","article-title":"Evidence-based orthopaedic trauma working group. Displaced lateral condyle fractures of the distal humerus","volume":"17","author":"Bhandari","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01227","article-title":"Closed reduction and internal fixation of displaced unstable lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children","volume":"90","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03472-z","article-title":"Intraoperative arthrography favorably impacts the early outcome of operatively managed fractures of the lateral humeral condyle displaced 1\u20135\u2005mm in children","volume":"17","author":"Lari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000376","article-title":"Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of displaced pediatric lateral condyle fractures of the humerus: a cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181de014f","article-title":"Closed reduction and internal fixation of completely displaced and rotated lateral condyle fractures of the humerus in children","volume":"24","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e541","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001491","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a treatment protocol based on fracture displacement for pediatric lateral condyle humerus fractures: a preliminary study","volume":"40","author":"Nazareth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00815","article-title":"Current concepts in the treatment of lateral condyle fractures in children","volume":"28","author":"Abzug","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20191031-01","article-title":"The utility of intraoperative arthrogram in the management of pediatric lateral condyle fractures of the humerus","volume":"43","author":"Vorhies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.12200\/j.issn.1003-0034.2020.10.004","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided manual reduction and percutaneous cross-pinning for the treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Orthopa Trauma"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/18632521221108602","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging in diagnostics of Monteggia lesion in children","volume":"16","author":"\u010cepel\u00edk","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04630-w","article-title":"Treatment of displaced radial neck fractures under ultrasonographic guidance in children","volume":"44","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-02982-0","article-title":"Application of ultrasound in the closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in supracondylar humeral fractures","volume":"17","author":"Rehm","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-3006.2019.10.015","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted close reduction and percutaneous pinning of minimally displaced of lateral condylar humeral fracture in children","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Pediati Surg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05623-8","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the pediatric elbow","volume":"53","author":"Averill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03738-9","article-title":"Treatment of pediatric lateral condylar humerus fractures with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning","volume":"21","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002093","article-title":"Impacts of fracture types on success rate of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in pediatric lateral condyle humerus fractures displaced >4\u2005mm","volume":"42","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04880-8","article-title":"Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning vs open reduction and internal fixation in pediatric lateral condylar humerus fractures displaced by >4\u2005mm: an observational cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.01.031","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for displaced and rotated lateral condylar humeral fractures in children","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12182","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012182","article-title":"Posteromedial elbow dislocation with lateral humeral condylar fracture in children: three case reports and a literature review","volume":"97","author":"Tomori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.v20i02.3825","article-title":"Radiographic measurement of lateral capitellohumeral angle and Baumann\u2019s angle among children","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200601000-00008","article-title":"Carrying angle in children: a normative study","volume":"15","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318259ff63","article-title":"Lateral spurring (overgrowth) after pediatric lateral condyle fractures","volume":"32","author":"Pribaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.12.027","article-title":"Clinical rating systems in elbow research-a systematic review exploring trends and distributions of use","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001674","article-title":"Impact of transverse ultrasound images on the classification and treatment of pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures","volume":"41","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e287","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001494","article-title":"Impact of transverse ultrasound images on the classification and treatment of pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.02.005","article-title":"A novel transverse ultrasonography technique for minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures in children","volume":"105","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000399","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1000399","article-title":"A novel approach for the treatment of Jacob II and III fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children: percutaneous kirschner wire fixation with ultrasound localization","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05476-0","article-title":"Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning versus open reduction and internal fixation for jakob type 3 lateral condyle fractures in children","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000570","article-title":"Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning versus open reduction and internal fixation for Type II lateral condyle humerus fractures in children displaced >2\u2005mm","volume":"36","author":"Pennock","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891840","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.891840","article-title":"A comparative study on closed reduction vs. open reduction techniques in the surgical treatment of rotated lateral condyle fractures of the distal humerus in children","volume":"10","author":"Weng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1373913\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T04:40:11Z","timestamp":1709700011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1373913\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2024.1373913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1373913","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"article-number":"1373913"}}