{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:31:10Z","timestamp":1782862270908,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Health care providers caring for youth with physical disabilities encourage them to be as independent as possible, which includes obtaining higher education when feasible. However, little is known about the experiences of higher education students in managing their toileting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed 1:1 semi-structured interviews with 13 current college students with physical disabilities (4 male, 9 female), of whom six were on a formal bladder and\/or bowel management program. Three researchers analyzed all transcripts using constructivist grounded theory procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified six themes, including: (1) adherence to prescribed programs, (2) importance of time management, (3) interfering with class, (4) balancing intake and toileting, (5) campus bathroom experiences, and (6) acclimating to new living situations. Students needed strong personal skills in time management, adaptability, and self-advocacy to both manage their toileting needs and engage in academic and social activities. This often took time to develop while in college. They faced barriers such as a lack of private, well-maintained bathrooms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Health care providers should encourage their patients to develop these personal skills prior to starting college, while colleges need to better support these students through honoring their accommodation needs and ensuring the availability of private, accessible bathrooms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1397229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T04:54:14Z","timestamp":1727412854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u201cI'm a bathroom expert\u201d: a qualitative study exploring how students with physical disabilities manage toileting during college"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Oluwaferanmi O.","family":"Okanlami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi M.","family":"Kreschmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saumya","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna V.","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney S.","family":"Streur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03322.x","article-title":"Adult outcomes and lifespan issues for people with childhood-onset physical disability","volume":"51","author":"Roebroeck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.03.041","article-title":"Urologic problems in spina bifida patients transitioning to adult care","volume":"84","author":"Summers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.10.040","article-title":"Ambulatory care use among patients with spina Bifida: change in care from childhood to adulthood","volume":"199","author":"Shepard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1071031","article-title":"The cost of preventable conditions in adults with spina bifida","volume":"6","author":"Kinsman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.05.021","article-title":"Targeted preventive care may be needed for adults with congenital spine anomalies","volume":"3","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e069213","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069213","article-title":"Adolescent connectedness: cornerstone for health and wellbeing","volume":"379","author":"Blum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.08.008","article-title":"A snapshot of the adult spina bifida patient\u2014high incidence of urologic procedures","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cent European J Urol"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Constructing Grounded Theory","author":"Charmaz","year":"2014"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"42","article-title":"Coding in grounded theory practice","volume-title":"Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis","author":"Charmaz","year":"2006"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12261","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12261","article-title":"Discriminating among grounded theory approaches","volume":"26","author":"Rieger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs Inq"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvaa034","article-title":"Grounded theory: what makes a grounded theory study?","volume":"20","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1375091","article-title":"Series: practical guidance to qualitative research. 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