{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T03:18:58Z","timestamp":1787109538225,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urethral catheter obstruction is a notable issue that pediatric patients with hypospadias may encounter in the early postoperative period. This retrospective study aims to assess the efficacy of open-ended urethral catheters with 2 side holes in mitigating catheter obstruction in pediatric patients following hypospadias repair.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical data of pediatric patients who underwent hypospadias repair surgery from January 2021 to October 2023 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Those who used standard Foley catheters were referred to as Group A, while those who used modified open-ended catheters were referred to as Group B. The primary outcome was the incidence of catheter obstruction within 7 days postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 297 patients were included in this study, with 142 patients in Group A and 155 patients in Group B. In Group A, there were 12 cases of catheter obstruction, with 10 cases resolved through irrigation and 2 cases requiring additional catheters insertion by suprapubic bladder punctures. In Group B, only 4 cases experienced catheter obstruction, which were effectively and easily resolved through maneuver irrigation. The incidence of catheter obstruction in Group B was statistically significantly lower than that in Group A (2.6% vs. 8.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In pediatric hypospadias patients who underwent surgical repair, the use of open-ended urethral catheters with 2 side holes significantly diminishes the incidence of postoperative catheter obstruction. This simple technique is worthy of promotion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1402440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:24:43Z","timestamp":1734589483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Open-ended urethral catheters reduce catheter obstruction after hypospadias repair"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kechi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000315495","article-title":"Hypospadias: surgery and complications","volume":"74","author":"Aigrain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v13i5.3521","article-title":"The ideal use of catheters in hypospadias repair: an experimental study","volume":"13","author":"Polat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.04.008","article-title":"Current practice in paediatric hypospadias surgery; a specialist survey","volume":"9","author":"Steven","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15406","article-title":"British Association of urological surgeons (baus) and nurses (baun) consensus document: management of the complications of long-term indwelling catheters","volume":"128","author":"Reid","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00006","article-title":"Determining the noninfectious complications of indwelling urethral catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411918774348","article-title":"Innovating urinary catheter design: an Introduction to the engineering challenge","volume":"233","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v10i4.1669","article-title":"The effect of urethral catheter size on meatal stenosis formation in children undergoing tubularized incised plate urethroplasty","volume":"10","author":"Karakus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18778-5","article-title":"Evaluation of urinary catheters for effective manual bladder washout","volume":"12","author":"Kobatake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.08.020","article-title":"A preliminary evaluation of ovine bladder mucosal damage associated with 2 different indwelling urinary catheters","volume":"110","author":"Greenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23333928231211410","DOI":"10.1177\/23333928231211410","article-title":"Evaluating the potential of a new low-profile urinary catheter in preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a prospective randomized blinded clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Ramezani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-2864-5","article-title":"Hypospadias, all there is to know","volume":"176","author":"van der Horst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94248-9_9","article-title":"Classification and assessment of hypospadias","volume-title":"Hypospadias Surgery: An Illustrated Textbook","author":"Hadidi","year":"2022"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.11.008","article-title":"Outcomes in distal hypospadias: a systematic review of the Mathieu and tubularized incised plate repairs","volume":"8","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2022.08.005","article-title":"Complication rates of proximal hypospadias: meta-analyses of four surgical repairs","volume":"18","author":"Cousin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2016.25.15.828","article-title":"Blocked urinary catheters: can they be better managed?","volume":"25","author":"Gibney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12220","article-title":"Clinical complications of urinary catheters caused by crystalline biofilms: something needs to be done","volume":"276","author":"Stickler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1402440\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:24:45Z","timestamp":1734589485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1402440\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2024.1402440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1402440","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"article-number":"1402440"}}