{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:48:46Z","timestamp":1761976126726,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D is a vital lipophilic vitamin that plays a pivotal role in calcium regulation, bone metabolism, and overall health. It is of the utmost importance to maintain appropriate serum levels of vitamin D from the moment of birth. The recommended daily intake for infants under the age of 12 months is 400\u2005IU. In Europe, vitamin D is available in two forms: as a medicinal product and as a food supplement. The food supplement market is experiencing rapid growth, yet it is characterised by a lack of harmonised regulations, which may give rise to potential risks associated with their widespread use. While food supplements are typically regarded as safe, there is a potential for adverse effects, particularly when dosages are not properly managed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case report and management<\/jats:title><jats:p>This report presents the case of a 22-month-old girl who developed nephrocalcinosis as a result of an overdose of vitamin D from a dietary supplement purchased online. The initial presentation was characterised by symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria and decreased growth. It was subsequently revealed that the child had been receiving an excessively high dose of vitamin D, amounting to 25 times the recommended amount, over a period of seven months. Despite normal calcium levels and renal function at the time of presentation, ultrasound imaging revealed the presence of early-stage nephrocalcinosis. The treatment plan involved hospital admission, intravenous hydration, a thiazide diuretic, potassium citrate, and a low-calcium diet. The vitamin D supplement was ceased. Over the course of a year, the patient demonstrated recovery in growth and normalization of vitamin D levels, although nephrocalcinosis remained stable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case study highlights the potential dangers of unsupervised vitamin D supplementation, emphasising the importance of healthcare professionals exercising vigilance in prescribing and advising on vitamin D use, particularly in children. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity of establishing a database to track long-term outcomes in paediatric vitamin D intoxication cases, given the rarity of such incidents. This would facilitate the development of appropriate treatment protocols and provide valuable information to parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1485814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:22:31Z","timestamp":1731990151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case Report: Nephrocalcinosis in an infant due to vitamin-D food supplement overdose"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Pizzini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ossato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Realdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Tessari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10080953","article-title":"Development of vitamin D toxicity from overcorrection of vitamin D deficiency: a review of case reports","volume":"10","author":"Galior","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11070642","article-title":"Clinical toxicology of vitamin D in pediatrics: a review and case reports","volume":"11","author":"Levita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"141","article-title":"Consensus vitamina D in et\u00e0 pediatrica","volume":"3","author":"Di Mauro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatria Preventiva e Sociale"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-765-3","volume-title":"Handbook of Vitamin D in Human Health","author":"Watson","year":"2013"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2011.11.006","article-title":"A 21st century evaluation of the safety of oral vitamin D","volume":"28","author":"Glade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"volume-title":"Nutraceuticals Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, by Product Type (Dietary Supplements, Functional Foods, and Functional Beverages), Distribution Channel (Hypermarkets\/Supermarkets, Convenience Stores, Online Retail, and Others) and Regional Forecast, 2024-2032","year":"2024","key":"B6"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-023-01284-6","article-title":"Erice manifesto 2022: on the surveillance of potential Harms caused by food supplements in Europe","volume":"46","author":"Menniti-Ippolito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13573","article-title":"A review of the growing risk of vitamin D toxicity from inappropriate practice","volume":"84","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752312","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.752312","article-title":"Childhood hypercalciuric hypercalcemia with elevated vitamin D and suppressed parathyroid hormone: long-term follow up","volume":"9","author":"Gurevich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2010.486382","article-title":"Life-threatening complications of vitamin D intoxication due to over-the-counter supplements","volume":"48","author":"Kaptein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107053450115","article-title":"Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement","volume":"345","author":"Koutkia","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2018225849","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225849","article-title":"Multiple renal calculi due to hypercalcaemia induced by over-the-counter vitamin D intoxication","volume":"2018","author":"Manappallil","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"volume-title":"StatPearls","year":"2024","author":"Vaidya","key":"B13"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"4101","article-title":"Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for calcium","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2175","article-title":"Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets","volume":"101","author":"Munns","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2704","article-title":"The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the institute of medicine: what clinicians need to know","volume":"96","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae009","article-title":"Consensus statement on vitamin D Status assessment and supplementation: whys, whens, and hows","volume":"45","author":"Giustina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1485814\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:22:35Z","timestamp":1731990155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1485814\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2024.1485814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1485814","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-2360"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"article-number":"1485814"}}