{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:15:00Z","timestamp":1753892100477,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Object<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of children with tracheobronchial foreign body and to investigate the factors influencing the surgical duration of rigid bronchoscopic foreign body removal under general anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively identified 421 children diagnosed with tracheobronchial foreign body undergoing rigid bronchoscopy between January 2020 and December 2021. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on patient demographics, including age, weight, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, foreign body type and location, duration of foreign body retention, preoperative symptoms, signs, imaging findings, tracheobronchial manifestations observed during bronchoscopy, and surgical durations. Statistical analysis utilized both univariate and multivariate linear regression models to assess factors influencing the surgical duration of tracheobronchial foreign body removal in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of children with tracheobronchial foreign body was 1.59 years (1.32, 2.04). The male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1, and the ASA physical status classification was predominantly ASA II (96.7%). Organic foreign body accounted for 94.8% of cases, with 91.7% located unilaterally. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that ASA III, pulmonary rales, and the presence of one, two, or three specific tracheobronchial manifestations observed during bronchoscopy\u2014including mucosal hyperemia and edema, purulent exudate, and granulation tissue\u2014were independent risk factors associated with prolonged surgical duration for foreign body removal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ASA III, pulmonary rales, and various tracheobronchial manifestations observed during bronchoscopy are significant risk factors associated with prolonged surgical duration for foreign body removal in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1508702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T07:42:21Z","timestamp":1736235741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors for prolonged surgical duration of tracheobronchial foreign body removal in children: a single-center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengzheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zenghua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuzhou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-021-01089-3","article-title":"Clinical analysis of tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children: a focus on external and intrinsic factors","volume":"21","author":"Gan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060515602031","article-title":"Risk factors for preoperative respiratory complications in children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181b12cb5","article-title":"The risk factors for hypoxemia in children younger than 5 years old undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body removal","volume":"109","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.03.026","article-title":"Risk factors associated with hypoxemia during foreign body removal from airways in childhood","volume":"77","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.02.005","article-title":"Outcomes after rigid bronchoscopy in children with suspected or confirmed foreign body aspiration: a retrospective study","volume":"25","author":"Maddali","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiothor Vasc An"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20480","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020480","article-title":"Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children: a retrospective single-center cross-sectional study","volume":"99","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211023019","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00578","article-title":"How can we do better? 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