{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:46:25Z","timestamp":1776786385840,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nearly 2,000 children under the age of 14 die every day due to injuries, with fractures accounting for 10%\u201325% of these cases. The burden of pediatric fractures is significant, but neglected and many can be prevented through simple and cost-effective community-level interventions. However, no studies have been conducted in our country regarding the incidence and patterns of pediatric fractures. Without comprehensive data, it is challenging to set priorities, formulate policies, and implement preventive measures. Therefore, this study aims to determine the incidence and patterns of pediatric fractures at selected hospitals in Addis Ababa in 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from October 10, 2023, to February 15, 2024, in the emergency unit and pediatrics ward of three public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Yekatit 12 Hospital, and Alert Hospital. Data was collected by bachelor's degree nurses using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Data was refined, coded, and entered into Epi Info version 7 computer software, then exported into SPSS version 21 for data cleaning and analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a total of 648 children who encountered trauma, 182 cases were fractures, resulting in an incidence of 28% (95% CI: 26.5\u201329.7). The major patterns of injury were due to falls (79%), road traffic accidents (RTAs) (15.4%), and assaults (5.6%). The upper limb was the most common site of injury (73%). Fifty-four percent of the children had injuries to two structures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall incidence of pediatric fractures among those who encountered trauma was 28%. Male children exhibited a higher incidence of fractures than female children. The highest risk of fractures occurred in children aged 6\u201310 years. Upper limb fractures were observed more frequently than lower limb fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1501900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T05:33:34Z","timestamp":1753335214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and patterns of pediatric fractures at selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multi-center cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sefa","family":"Muzemil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amha","family":"Mekasha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fetiha","family":"Muzemil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhiddin Tadesse","family":"Barega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamill","family":"Eanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091921","article-title":"The global challenge of child injury prevention","volume":"15","author":"Sleet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EJEP.0000027355.85493.cb","article-title":"Occurrence and risk factors of unintentional injuries among 12- to 18-year-old Finns \u2013 a survey of 8219 adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Mattila","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3109\/17453671003628780","article-title":"Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents: increased incidence over the past decade: a population-based study from northern Sweden","volume":"81","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2.1.16","article-title":"Annual incidence of unintentional injury among 54,000 children","volume":"2","author":"Walsh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.5.2.129","article-title":"Children\u2019s fractures: a population based study","volume":"5","author":"Lyons","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.040902","article-title":"Epidemiology of childhood fractures in Britain: a study using the general practice research database","volume":"19","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.27.46.11485","article-title":"Paediatric fractures in a sub-saharan tertiary care center: a cohort analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, therapeutic patterns and outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Guifo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050610","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and distribution of pediatric fractures at a tertiary hospital in northern France: a 20-year-distance comparative analysis (1999\u20132019)","volume":"58","author":"Monget","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200309000-00010","article-title":"Childhood fractures in Bergen, Norway: identifying high-risk groups and activities","volume":"23","author":"Brudvik","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00369","article-title":"Fractures in children: epidemiology and activity-specific fracture rates","volume":"95","author":"Randsborg","year":"2013","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2013.04.016","article-title":"Child injury control: trends, themes, and controversies","volume":"13","author":"Johnston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.06.002","article-title":"Physical activity temporal trends among children and adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Booth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"52","article-title":"Participation in high school physical education\u2013Ontario, Canada, 1999\u20132005","volume":"56","author":"Faulkner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.04.006","article-title":"U.S. school travel, 2009: an assessment of trends","volume":"41","author":"McDonald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101128","article-title":"Worsening inequalities in child injury deaths in the WHO European region","volume":"14","author":"Sethi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0243464","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243464","article-title":"Prevention of childhood unintentional injuries in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Tupetz","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.021104","article-title":"Global and regional child deaths due to injuries: an assessment of the evidence","volume":"8","author":"Adeloye","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"27","article-title":"Childhood limb fracture at tikur anbessa specialised hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Admassie","year":"2015","journal-title":"East Cent Afr J Surg"},{"key":"B19","article-title":"Paediatric fracture patterns in patients admitted in a Kenyan Level 5 hospital","volume-title":"The Surgical Society of Kenya 15th Annual Scientific Conference and Silver Jubilee","author":"Ali","year":"2015"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-656","article-title":"Pattern of fractures across pediatric age groups: analysis of individual and lifestyle factors","volume":"10","author":"Valerio","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1725-y","article-title":"Early pediatric fractures in a universally insured population within the United States","volume":"19","author":"Wolfe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20140417-12","article-title":"Pediatric upper-extremity fractures","volume":"43","author":"Arora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-022-00369-7","article-title":"Pediatric trauma burden in Tanzania: analysis of prospective registry data from thirteen health facilities","volume":"9","author":"Sawe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1501900\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T05:33:35Z","timestamp":1753335215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1501900\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2025.1501900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1501900","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"article-number":"1501900"}}