{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:38Z","timestamp":1783641638395,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early-onset sepsis (EOS) remains an important issue in neonatal units. Characteristics of EOS from China have not been fully revealed yet. Our aim is to investigate epidemiology, microbiology and clinical feature of EOS in a Chinese maternal and child healthcare centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective observational study of EOS infants born in or admitted to Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period, there were 131 neonatal infections. The incidence of EOS was 1.12 (95% CI 0.94\u20131.33) per 1,000 live births or 3.85 (95% CI 3.22\u20134.56) per 1,000 admissions. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200943, 32.3%), group B <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> (GBS) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924, 18.0%) and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918, 13.5%) were the predominant pathogens. GBS screening test was performed before delivery in 77.7% mothers of all infants with EOS, and 12.9% of screening results were positive. Among the main pathogens causing EOS, 86% of CoNS strains were resistant to penicillin, while all GBS strains were susceptible to penicillin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a high burden of EOS among infants in the maternal and child healthcare centre from China. CoNS was the most frequent pathogen causing EOS. Longitudinal epidemiologic surveillance is required to improve empiric antibiotic treatment of EOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1521908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T05:21:34Z","timestamp":1744694494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early-onset neonatal sepsis in a Chinese maternal and child healthcare centre, 2017\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Weilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cairong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shulin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20162013","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2013","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive early-onset neonatal sepsis, 2005\u20132014","volume":"138","author":"Schrag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F474","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313238","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in UK neonatal units: neonIN infection surveillance network","volume":"103","author":"Cailes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4826","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive early-onset and late-onset group B streptococcal disease in the United States, 2006\u20132015: multistate laboratory and population-based surveillance","volume":"173","author":"Nanduri","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2023065091","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-065091","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship programs in neonates: a meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.137","article-title":"National bloodstream infection surveillance in Switzerland 2008\u20132014: different patterns and trends for university and community hospitals","volume":"37","author":"Buetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004750","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1004750","article-title":"Etiology and clinical characteristics of neonatal sepsis in different medical setting models: a retrospective multi-center study","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F350","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306193","article-title":"Early onset neonatal sepsis: diagnostic dilemmas and practical management","volume":"100","author":"Russell AR","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"M100-S30 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 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