{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:15:18Z","timestamp":1753892118053,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis that is often overlooked and misdiagnosed in clinical practice. Patients may exhibit fever, rash, myalgia, and further symptoms; in severe instances, this may result in damage to the kidney, heart, and other important organs, and may even be life-threatening. Consequently, prompt diagnosis and intervention might mitigate the occurrence of complications and improve patient prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>An 11-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with multi-joint pain for 7\u2005days, accompanied by worsening fever for 4\u2005days. The physical examination on admission revealed alterations in the skin texture characterized by scaling, a bluish-purple rash, and sensitive subcutaneous nodules on the extremities with limited mobility. Following admission, laboratory testing revealed high serum inflammatory markers, and positive anti-chain \u201cO,\u201d rheumatic fever was initially considered. The symptoms were not relieved after the use of antibiotics and aspirin. After reviewing the literature, polyarteritis nodosa was highly suspected, and a skin biopsy indicated necrotizing vasculitis, therefore confirming polyarteritis nodosa. The child's symptoms were alleviated with the use of glucocorticoids in conjunction with immunosuppressive medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case involves a child diagnosed with nodular polyarteritis subsequent to a streptococcal infection. For patients with a strong suspicion of polyarteritis nodosa, a timely skin biopsy or arterial angiography should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis and increase survival rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1553118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T07:03:00Z","timestamp":1741849380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: A case of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in a child following a streptococcal 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