{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:26:30Z","timestamp":1765423590596,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to construct age- and sex-specific growth percentiles for head circumference (HC) that can be used as a reference for Indian children with Down syndrome (DS). Over 24\u2005years, following a mixed-longitudinal growth research design, 2,327 head circumference measurements were performed on 1,125 (boys: 752, girls: 373) children with DS karyotypically proven as cases of free trisomy 21 who were aged &amp;lt;1\u2005month to 10\u2005years, following a standardized anthropometric technique. A steady increase in the mean head circumference of male and female children with DS was noted. Boys with DS had significantly larger HCs than girls. Our study showed that 12.9% of Down syndrome cases had normal head circumference, 27.2% had small heads, and the majority, 59.9%, had microcephaly. Head circumference percentiles for boys and girls with Down syndrome were constructed for ages &amp;lt;1\u2005month to 10\u2005years. There is a need to monitor the growth of children with Down syndrome using population-specific and specialized growth charts. The age- and sex-specific head circumference growth percentiles presented for Indian children with Down syndrome can be used for growth monitoring and inter-population comparison.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1563501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T05:32:15Z","timestamp":1745818335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Head circumference percentiles in Indian children with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Harvinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil 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