{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:04:38Z","timestamp":1773097478403,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection carries a high mortality rate due to its potential to cause disseminated disease involving multiple organ systems, which can rapidly progress to shock and death if not promptly treated. In rare cases, neonates may mount an uncontrolled inflammatory response leading to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome. We present a case of neonatal HSV infection complicated by HLH, highlighting the challenges of managing both conditions concurrently. Our therapeutic approach demonstrated a reduction in systemic inflammation and viral load; however, despite these efforts, the patient developed multiorgan failure and ultimately died from the initial disease process. This case underscores the severity of neonatal HSV infection and emphasizes the critical role pediatricians play in early identification of transmission risk factors and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1571715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T05:30:34Z","timestamp":1752816634000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: Disseminated herpes simplex virus complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a neonate"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Tadros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nihal","family":"Godiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59030604","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in early neonatal sepsis: a single-center experience","volume":"59","author":"Jovi\u010di\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Herpes simplex type 1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Saleh","year":"2023"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Herpes simplex type 2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Mathew","year":"2023"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"Congenital herpes simplex","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Fernandes","year":"2023"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001458","article-title":"Assessing the burden of infant deaths due to herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and congenital syphilis: United States, 1995 to 2017","volume":"48","author":"Slutsker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"Lymphohistiocytosis","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Konkol","year":"2023"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848004","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.848004","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of neonatal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"10","author":"Balakumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.237149","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus: global infection prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016","volume":"98","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385697","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/385697","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy","volume":"2012","author":"Straface","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38690","article-title":"Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Fardet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B11","volume-title":"Hereditary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Disorders Panel","year":"2021"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2018894618","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults","volume":"133","author":"La Ros\u00e9e","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000936","article-title":"Pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"135","author":"Canna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1571715\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T05:30:35Z","timestamp":1752816635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1571715\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2025.1571715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1571715","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"article-number":"1571715"}}