{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T06:31:32Z","timestamp":1765866692202,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Ewing sarcoma\/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES\/PNET) is highly malignant neoplasms composed of undifferentiated small round cells with the ability to differentiate into various tissue types. We reported the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with unsteady gait, progressive back pain, bilateral lower limb weakness (more pronounced in the left leg), and urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a uniformly intense extradural lesion at the T3\u20135 vertebral level on the left posterolateral side of the spinal canal. The lesion measured 1.35\u2005cm\u2009\u00d7\u20094.8\u2005cm on pre-contrast MRI and 4.8\u2005cm\u2009\u00d7\u20091.8\u2005cm\u2009\u00d7\u20091.2\u2005cm on post-contrast imaging, causing anterior and rightward displacement of the spinal cord with associated intramedullary signal changes and moderate post-contrast enhancement. Preoperative imaging suggested possible diagnoses of lymphoma or lipovascular tumor. However, postoperative histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a small round cell malignant tumor consistent with an ES\/PNET. The rapid progression to intramedullary metastasis and poor outcome emphasize the need for early diagnosis and more effective treatment strategies. Spinal ES\/PNET is extremely rare, and this case highlights the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and histopathological features of this aggressive tumor, which remain poorly reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1603099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T06:27:44Z","timestamp":1765866464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric thoracic spinal Ewing sarcoma\/primitive neuroectodermal tumor: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Long","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley Sau Ching","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"997","article-title":"Peripheral and central primitive neuroectodermal tumors. 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