{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:09:46Z","timestamp":1780384186854,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n The arterial oxygen tension at which haemoglobin is saturated at 50% (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n 50) can be used as a marker of respiratory disease severity. We aimed to explore whether\n p<\/jats:italic>\n 50 was higher in preterm infants who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and extrapulmonary complications of prematurity compared to infants who did not.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Ventilated infants born before 32 weeks of gestation with central arterial access were retrospectively studied. The\n p<\/jats:italic>\n 50 was measured by automated blood gas analysis in the first three days after birth. Outcomes included BPD, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and five infants (50 male) with a median (IQR) gestational age of 26.6 (24.9\u201328.6) weeks and birth weight of 0.88 (0.68\u20131.13) kg were studied. They had a median (IQR)\n p<\/jats:italic>\n 50 of 3.34 (3.08\u20133.77) kPa. IVH was significantly associated with the\n p<\/jats:italic>\n 50 (adjusted\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.020, Odds Ratio: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2\u20137.1) after adjusting for gestational age. The\n p<\/jats:italic>\n 50 was not significantly different in infants who developed BPD, ROP and NEC vs. the infants who did not develop these complications after adjusting for confounders.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Intraventricular haemorrhage in ventilated preterm infants might be associated with an increased\n p<\/jats:italic>\n 50 in the early days after birth.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1692173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T06:26:53Z","timestamp":1766125613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The relationship of p50 with clinical outcomes in ventilated preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ourania","family":"Kaltsogianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stergios","family":"Nasikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Greenough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Dassios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19900901-13","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: the relationship with intraventricular hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.01.037","article-title":"Respiratory distress syndrome-associated inflammation is related to early but not late peri\/intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants","volume":"148","author":"Krediet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.34763\/devperiodmed.20172104.328335","article-title":"Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with surfactant: incidence and risk factors in the prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Helwich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Period Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01716196","article-title":"The P50 is reduced in critically ill patients","volume":"17","author":"Myburgh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000528914","article-title":"European consensus guidelines on the management of respiratory distress syndrome: 2022 update","volume":"120","author":"Sweet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.1.215","article-title":"Evaluation of the newborn\u2019s blood gas status. National academy of clinical biochemistry","volume":"43","author":"Brouillette","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.69.2.144","article-title":"Relationship of pneumothorax to occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature newborn","volume":"69","author":"Hill","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.86.1.11","article-title":"Growth reference charts for use in the United Kingdom","volume":"86","author":"Wright","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17027","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality: green-top guideline No. 74","volume":"129","author":"Stock","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"163","author":"Jobe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626262","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.626262","article-title":"Factors associated with benefit of treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Jansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00447-8","article-title":"White matter injury in infants with intraventricular haemorrhage: mechanisms and therapies","volume":"17","author":"Ballabh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1413","article-title":"The incidence and course of retinopathy of prematurity: findings from the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study","volume":"116","author":"Good","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0780-2","article-title":"Cranial ultrasound findings in preterm germinal matrix haemorrhage, sequelae and outcome","volume":"87","author":"Parodi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514212","article-title":"Outcomes of two trials of oxygen-saturation targets in preterm infants","volume":"374","author":"Australia","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18038-6","article-title":"P50 implies adverse clinical outcomes in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome by reflecting extrapulmonary organ dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000376567","article-title":"Using measurements of shunt and ventilation-to-perfusion ratio to quantify the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"107","author":"Dassios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-214659","article-title":"Simplified bedside assessment of pulmonary gas exchange in very preterm infants at 36 weeks\u2019 postmenstrual age","volume":"76","author":"Stoecklin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-019-03543-0","article-title":"End-tidal carbon dioxide levels during resuscitation and carbon dioxide levels in the immediate neonatal period and intraventricular haemorrhage","volume":"179","author":"Tamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F598","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315343","article-title":"Prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia development","volume":"103","author":"Hunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16360","article-title":"Postnatal temporal changes of foetal haemoglobin in prematurely born infants","volume":"111","author":"Bednarczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1692173\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T06:26:54Z","timestamp":1766125614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1692173\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2025.1692173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2025.1692173","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"article-number":"1692173"}}