{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:12:31Z","timestamp":1771920751425,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of combining pepsinogen (PG I\/II), gastrin-17 (G-17), and\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) for chronic gastritis in children using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between June 2018 and August 2023, 65 children with chronic gastritis and 50 healthy controls participated. Inclusion criteria for both groups: Age 6\u201312 years, chronic gastritis confirmed by endoscopy and histopathology for the gastritis group, and absence of GI symptoms for the control group. Exclusion criteria: Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction, gastroduodenal surgery, recent use of PPIs\/antibiotics, and H. pylori eradication therapy. Serum levels of PG I, PG II, and G-17 were determined by ELISA, and 13C-UBT was used to detect Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Combined detection showed significantly higher positive rates than individual PG I\/II or G-17 tests (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), but similar to 13C-UBT alone. Chronic gastritis patients had elevated PG I, and G-17 levels compared to controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Multivariate analysis identified PG I (OR\u2009=\u20091.048,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014), G-17 (OR\u2009=\u20091.943,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and 13C-UBT positivity (OR\u2009=\u200917.417,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) as significant predictors. ROC analysis revealed AUCs of 0.692 (PG I), 0.594 (PG II), 0.782 (G-17), 0.808 (13C-UBT), and 0.844 (combined), with sensitivity \u226590.8% and specificity &amp;gt;78%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combined detection of PG I\/II, G-17, and 13C-UBT shows strong diagnostic potential for Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis in children, offering enhanced diagnostic accuracy and a non-invasive tool for early screening and intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1696889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:56:12Z","timestamp":1765886172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic value of combined detection of pepsinogen, gastrin-17, and 13C-urea breath test in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis in children: a multivariate analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yiyun","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shunde District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Jun\u2019an Hospital of Shunde District)","place":["Foshan, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuangui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shunde District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Jun\u2019an Hospital of Shunde District)","place":["Foshan, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaishi","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shunde District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Jun\u2019an Hospital of Shunde District)","place":["Foshan, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shunde District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Jun\u2019an Hospital of Shunde District)","place":["Foshan, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Foshan, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Chronic gastritis classifications","volume":"96","author":"Bacha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tunis 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