{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T06:39:03Z","timestamp":1767681543016,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 12-year-old girl with convulsions was incidentally found to be infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV), with HBVdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and HBsAg positivity in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient experienced frequent convulsions and consciousness disorders, and positive anti-GQ1b\/anti-GD1b antibodies were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM)\/Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) spectrum disorders were observed on brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging, indicating a high likelihood of HBV-related ADEM+\/GBS spectrum disorders. After treatment with intravenous hormone, immunoglobulin, antiviral therapy using entecavir, and antiepileptic medication, the neurological damage completely resolved, the hepatitis B viral load decreased significantly, and liver function returned to normal. ADEM+\/GBS spectrum diseases are immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system that occur after viral infection. However, the potential relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and ADEM+\/GBS spectrum diseases remains an area of ongoing investigation. In this case, the combination of hormones and intravenous immunoglobulin did not affect the anti-HBV effect of entecavir, and the patient fully recovered from the neurological damage within three months of disease onset. This case highlights hepatitis B-related neurological diseases and encourages further sharing of clinical experiences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1697707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T06:34:30Z","timestamp":1767681270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: A rare pediatric case of hepatitis B virus infection with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis\/Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome spectrum diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yingxue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongxu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040618","article-title":"Burden, outcome, and comorbidities of extrahepatic manifestations in hepatitis B virus 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