{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T19:28:01Z","timestamp":1769542081102,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigates the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . in pediatric patients with viral respiratory infections admitted to intensive care units. Secondary bacterial infections are known to exacerbate the severity of viral respiratory diseases and represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality during pandemics, including COVID-19. A total of 659 respiratory samples from children with respiratory symptoms hospitalized in five hospitals were analyzed. Bacterial co-infections were identified by inoculation in BHI medium and confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method, following EUCAST guidelines. Among 166 cases of bacterial co-infection, 20 (12.05%) were attributed to\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., with a predominance in patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (55%). The isolates showed high susceptibility to vancomycin (85%), imipenem (80%), erythromycin (70%), and ciprofloxacin (65%). These findings reveal that\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., often considered an environmental contaminant, may play a clinically relevant role in pediatric viral co-infections, particularly in severe respiratory cases. This study contributes novel data to a poorly explored area of pediatric infectious disease research, emphasizing the need for routine susceptibility testing to optimize antimicrobial therapy. The results provide a foundation for future molecular studies on\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . virulence and resistance mechanisms, supporting evidence-based management and infection control practices in critical care settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1718515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T06:41:43Z","timestamp":1769496103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation, identification, and sensitivity profile of Bacillus spp. in co-infection with respiratory viruses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Angelica de Lima das","family":"Chagas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Post Graduation, Medical College, Federal University of Goias","place":["Goiania, 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