{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:23:35Z","timestamp":1787027015926,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia (RSVP) remains a major cause of pediatric hospitalization. This study evaluates the value of Th17\/Treg imbalance in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis among RSVP children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RSVP children (422 cases) during May 2022\u2013May 2024 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into mild and moderate-to-severe groups based on disease severity. Additionally, 358 healthy children were recruited (the control group). Peripheral blood Th17 and Treg cell proportions were quantified by flow cytometry, with the Th17\/Treg ratio calculated. Serum IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-\u03b21 levels were measured using ELISA. Logistic regression models were established to identify risk factors for poor prognosis. ROC curves were plotted to evaluate predictive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RSVP children demonstrated higher Th17 cell proportion, IL-17 and IL-6 levels, and Th17\/Treg ratio than controls, alongside lower Treg cell proportion and IL-10 and TGF-\u03b21 levels (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). These alterations correlated with disease severity and prognosis. Th17\/Treg ratio and IL-17 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis, while IL-10 was a protective factor (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The Th17\/Treg ratio yielded an AUC of 0.831 (77.05% sensitivity, 77.01% specificity) for predicting poor prognosis. AUCs were 0.770 for IL-17 (67.21% sensitivity, 78.67% specificity) and 0.756 for IL-10 (57.38% sensitivity, 83.38% specificity). The combined model (Th17\/Treg ratio\u2009+\u2009IL-17\u2009+\u2009IL-10) achieved a superior AUC of 0.919 (93.44% sensitivity, 75.35% specificity; all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral blood Th17\/Treg imbalance is a characteristic of RSVP children. The combined detection of Th17\/Treg ratio, IL-17, and IL-10 can help predict poor prognosis in affected children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1725402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:32:16Z","timestamp":1764829936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictive value of Th17\/Treg immune imbalance for disease severity and poor prognosis in children with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Minjuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00777-9","article-title":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8122048","article-title":"Role of respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric 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