{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:39:19Z","timestamp":1773041959400,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM), a rare disorder caused by\n                    <jats:italic>SLC34A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations, demonstrates clinical-radiological discordance. Pediatric cases face heightened diagnostic challenges; nonspecific presentations often result in misattribution to recurrent pneumonia or delayed diagnosis, especially in children \u22645 years. We present a case of a 3-year-old girl hospitalized for persistent cough (11-day duration) and intermittent fever (9-day history). Her recurrent productive cough had been misattributed to recurrent pneumonia in prior healthcare encounters. Diagnostic imaging revealed extensive calcifications in the left lower lobe on chest CT, accompanied by small clustered onion-like calcifications in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). Sputum culture identified\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Genetic analysis revealed novel compound heterozygous variants in\n                    <jats:italic>SLC34A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : c.524-1G&amp;gt;C (IVS5) inherited maternally and c.910A&amp;gt;T (EX8) of paternal origin. The patient was diagnosed with PAM complicated by\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    pneumonia. These compound heterozygous\n                    <jats:italic>SLC34A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    variants represent previously unreported pathogenic mutations. We conclude that heightened attention should be directed toward detecting calcifications on mediastinal and bone windows during pediatric imaging examinations. Genetic analysis plays a pivotal role in diagnosing rare childhood disorders and may emerge as the primary diagnostic modality for PAM in pediatric populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1646732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:48:32Z","timestamp":1773038912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Novel compound heterozygous mutations in SLC34A2 gene: a case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in a child"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shangge","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1086\/508263","article-title":"Mutations in Slc34a2 cause pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and are possibly associated with testicular microlithiasis","volume":"79","author":"Corut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1159\/000196556","article-title":"Composition of lung lavage in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis","volume":"63","author":"Pracyk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1702211","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis","volume":"41","author":"Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1159\/000074218","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. 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