{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:13:28Z","timestamp":1770747208295,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No systematic data on pediatric hospital admissions in Mongolia are available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Mongolian National Hospital Data registry was screened for pediatric (&amp;lt;18 years) hospital admissions (01.01.2019\u201331.12.2023) to report the prevalence, main diagnoses, and outcomes of hospital admissions in Mongolian newborns, post-neonatal children und 5 years, and children aged 5\u201317.99 years. Descriptive methods were used for data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the study period, 927,223 pediatric hospital admissions were identified translating into a median prevalence of 5,218 (IQR: 4,386\u20136,098) pediatric hospital admissions per 100,000 population (all ages) per year. This prevalence was highest among post-neonatal children under 5 years (median: 3,780; IQR: 2,491\u20133,900), followed by children aged 5\u201317.99 years (median: 1,945; IQR: 1,929\u20132,071), and newborns (median: 275; IQR: 246\u2013295) over the study period. Neonatal jaundice was the most frequent main diagnosis in newborns. Pneumonia and COVID-19 were most common in both post-neonatal children under 5 years and children aged 5\u201317.99 years. The median length of hospital stay was 6.7 (IQR: 5.0\u20139.0) days in newborns, 6.0 (IQR: 5.0\u20137.0) days in post-neonatal children under 5 years, and 7.0 (IQR: 5.0\u20138.0) days in children aged 5\u201317.99 years. The hospital mortality rate was 5.9% in newborns, 0.25% in post-neonatal children under 5 years, and 0.14% in children aged 5\u201317.99 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nationwide, registry-based study found a median prevalence of 5,218 pediatric hospital admissions per 100,000 population (all ages) per year in Mongolia. The majority of pediatric hospital admissions occurred in post-neonatal children under five years. The observation period included the COVID-19 pandemic years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1732305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T06:47:20Z","timestamp":1770706040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence, main diagnoses, and outcomes of hospital admissions in Mongolian children: a national registry-based descriptive analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Altanchimeg","family":"Sainbayar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences","place":["Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"]},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Mongolia Japan Hospital","place":["Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naranpurev","family":"Mendsaikhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences","place":["Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"]},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Mongolia Japan Hospital","place":["Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romana","family":"Erblich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital and Johannes Kepler University","place":["Linz, Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganbold","family":"Lundeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences","place":["Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myagmarsuren","family":"Baterdene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Songinokhairkhan General Hospital","place":["Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital and Johannes Kepler University","place":["Linz, Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin W.","family":"D\u00fcnser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital and Johannes Kepler University","place":["Linz, Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":""},{"key":"B2","year":""},{"key":"B3","year":""},{"key":"B4","year":""},{"key":"B5","year":""},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-3932-5","article-title":"Free and universal access to primary healthcare in Mongolia: the service availability and readiness assessment","volume":"19","author":"Jigjidsuren","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101470","article-title":"Prevalence, causes and outcomes of hospital admissions in Mongolia: a national registry-based descriptive analysis","volume":"55","author":"Sainbayar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"Von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B9","year":""},{"key":"B10","year":""},{"key":"B11","author":"Jigjdsuren","year":""},{"key":"B12","year":""},{"key":"B13","year":""},{"key":"B14","year":""},{"key":"B15","year":""},{"key":"B16","year":""},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43113","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000043113","article-title":"Pediatrics hospitalization profile in England: a longitudinal ecological study","volume":"104","author":"El-Qasem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B18","year":""},{"key":"B19","year":""},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.13194","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric hospitalizations at general hospitals and freestanding children\u2019s hospitals in the United States: 2019 update","volume":"18","author":"Freyleue","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m4075","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4075","article-title":"Gestational age and hospital admissions during childhood: population based, record linkage study in England (TIGAR study)","volume":"371","author":"Coathup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0257341","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257341","article-title":"Associations between gestational age at birth and infection-related hospital admission rates during childhood in England: population-based record linkage study","volume":"16","author":"Coathup","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2023-326557","article-title":"Hospital care in the first 10 years of life of children with congenital anomalies in six European countries: data from the EUROlinkCAT cohort linkage study","volume":"109","author":"Morris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-0871-9","article-title":"Genetics and pediatric hospital admissions, 1985 to 2017","volume":"22","author":"Gjorgioski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24615","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24615","article-title":"Hospitalization risk factors for children\u2019s lower respiratory tract infection: a population-based, cross-sectional study in Mongolia","volume":"6","author":"Dagvadorj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0222423","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222423","article-title":"Epidemiology of pneumonia in the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in children 2\u201359 months of age, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2015\u20132016","volume":"14","author":"von Mollendorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B27","year":""},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0299","article-title":"Comparative analysis of pediatric COVID-19 infection in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Japan, and China","volume":"105","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49210-1","article-title":"Epidemiology of 7375 children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in Germany, reported via a prospective, nationwide surveillance study in 2020\u20132022","volume":"14","author":"Doenhardt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5052","article-title":"Assessment of 135\u202f794 pediatric patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 across the United States","volume":"175","author":"Bailey","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1451","article-title":"Characteristics associated with pediatric inpatient death","volume":"125","author":"Slonim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e182","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1215","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and in-hospital pediatric mortality","volume":"131","author":"Colvin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2424226","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.24226","article-title":"Neonatal mortality disparities by gestational age in European countries","volume":"7","author":"Sartorius","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2025.1710","article-title":"US neonatal mortality from perinatal causes","volume":"179","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17506","article-title":"Neonatal mortality risk for vulnerable newborn types in 15 countries using 125.5 million nationwide birth outcome records, 2000\u20132020","volume":"132","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Idueta","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2237689","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.37689","article-title":"Prioritizing health care strategies to reduce childhood mortality","volume":"5","author":"Madewell","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.4.893","article-title":"Declining severity adjusted mortality: evidence of improving neonatal intensive care","volume":"102","author":"Richardson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004736","article-title":"Systems-based care of the injured child: technical report","volume":"99","author":"Flynn-O'Brien","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1732305\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T06:47:21Z","timestamp":1770706041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1732305\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2026.1732305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1732305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"article-number":"1732305"}}