{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:29:32Z","timestamp":1774380572333,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the positivity rate of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to evaluate its association with disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, 30 pediatric IBD patients and 30 children with functional gastrointestinal disorders were enrolled. SFB in ileal lavage fluid from the terminal ileum were detected using polymerase chain reaction. IBD patients were stratified according to treatment status and disease activity\u2014Untreated Active (UTA), Treated Remission (TRR), Treated Active (TRA)\u2014as well as by disease type (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis). SFB positivity rates were compared across subgroups. Within the IBD cohort, disease activity and inflammatory markers, including fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelets count, were compared between SFB-positive and SFB-negative patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The SFB positivity rate was significantly higher in pediatric IBD patients than in controls (63.3% vs. 36.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038). Subgroup analysis showed that the UTA group had the highest SFB positivity rate (82.4%), which was significantly higher than both the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and the TRR group (28.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021). Among TRA group, the SFB positivity rate remained elevated (50.0%). The positive rate did not differ significantly from that of the UTA group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). The SFB positivity rate was higher in pediatric Crohn's disease patients (66.7%, 14\/21) than in controls but showed no significant difference compared with ulcerative colitis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). SFB-positive patients exhibited significantly higher disease activity indices (PCDAI,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005; PUCAI,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021) and elevated inflammatory markers (fecal calprotectin,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; C-reactive protein,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; erythrocyte sedimentation rate,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) compare with SFB-negative patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SFB positivity occurred more frequently in pediatric IBD than in controls\u2014especially in active disease\u2014and was associated with higher inflammatory activity and disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1733148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T16:10:25Z","timestamp":1774368625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Segmented filamentous bacteria are associated with disease activity in children with inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuling","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huahai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeshi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhujun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering","place":["Yongzhou, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering","place":["Yongzhou, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangtao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering","place":["Yongzhou, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, 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