{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:00:34Z","timestamp":1789524034257,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) is a central nervous system demyelinating disease in children, frequently induced by infection. We report the case of a 9-year-10-month-old boy with a 13-day fever and headache. He was admitted to our hospital for fever of unknown origin. He was diagnosed with bronchopneumonia via chest X-ray and encephalitis via cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laboratory tests, which revealed increased white blood cells (WBC) (67\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/L) and a high proportion of segmented granulocytes (31%) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Further examination showed positive serum MOG-immunoglobulin G (IgG). After treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone (20\u2005mg\/kg\/day, 3 days) and gamma globulin (400\u2005mg\/kg\/day, 5 days), the patient's temperature returned to normal with decreased CSF WBC count (11\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/L) and segmented granulocytes (5%). No abnormal bacterial growth was found in CSF. Oral methylprednisolone (32\u2005mg\/day), calcitriol soft capsules (1 capsule\/day), and calcium carbonate D3 tablets (1 tablet\/day) were prescribed after discharge, with a follow-up examination 1 week later. We present a rare case of a child with fever of unknown origin, diagnosed with MOG-IgG-associated encephalitis, bronchopneumonia, and MOG-IgG seropositivity despite negative infection screening. This report offers new insights into atypical MOGAD and a reference for MOGAD diagnosis and treatment in children. It highlights the importance of conducting MOG-IgG tests in children with encephalitis and bronchopneumonia despite negative infection screening.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1756701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:43:00Z","timestamp":1779342180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["MOG-IgG-associated encephalitis and bronchopneumonia in a child with negative infection screening: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Jining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Jining No. 1 People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Jining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyue","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College (Affiliated Hospital) of Jining Medical University","place":["Jining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Jining No .1 People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Jining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Qing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, Jining No .1 People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Jining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province)","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province)","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in neurological disease","volume":"15","author":"Reindl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx276","article-title":"Clinical presentation and prognosis in MOG-antibody disease: a UK study","volume":"140","author":"Jurynczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775181","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.775181","article-title":"Case report: four cases of cortical\/brainstem encephalitis positive for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260358","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1260358","article-title":"Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide","volume":"14","author":"Hor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.37349\/ent.2024.00069","article-title":"The diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in children","volume":"4","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explor Neuroprot Ther"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188323","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1188323","article-title":"Phenotypic characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in children: a single-center, retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Hua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2020.01963","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody encephalitis following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a pediatric patient","volume":"64","author":"Ahsan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13470","article-title":"A case of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) associated disorder (MOGAD) with clinical manifestations of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: secondary to mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02132-y","article-title":"The pathology of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease accompanying myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibody","volume":"139","author":"H\u00f6ftberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00431-8","article-title":"Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: international MOGAD panel proposed criteria","volume":"22","author":"Banwell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","article-title":"MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing","volume":"15","author":"Jarius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200183","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200183","article-title":"Timing of MOG-IgG testing is key to 2023 MOGAD diagnostic criteria","volume":"11","author":"Forcadela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1814","article-title":"Association of MOG-IgG serostatus with relapse after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and proposed diagnostic criteria for MOG-IgG-associated disorders","volume":"75","author":"L\u00f3pez-Chiriboga","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26931","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of MOG antibody testing in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"96","author":"Redenbaugh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200323","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200323","article-title":"Pediatric MOG-ab\u2013associated encephalitis: supporting early recognition and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30488-0","article-title":"Associations of paediatric demyelinating and encephalitic syndromes with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a multicentre observational study","volume":"19","author":"Armangue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.12.018","article-title":"Encephalitis is an important phenotype of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases: a single-center cohort study","volume":"152","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e731","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000731","article-title":"Clinical and imaging features of children with autoimmune encephalitis and MOG antibodies","volume":"7","author":"Wegener-Panzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01825-1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. Part 2: results from 108 lumbar punctures in 80 pediatric patients","volume":"17","author":"Jarius","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01768-w","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated encephalitis induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0971-6","article-title":"MOG antibody seropositivity in a patient with encephalitis: beyond the classical syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Mariotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105911","article-title":"Clinical characteristics analysis of 24 cases of pediatric MOG antibody-associated diseases","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200065","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200065","article-title":"Early immunotherapy and longer corticosteroid treatment are associated with lower risk of relapsing disease course in pediatric MOGAD","volume":"10","author":"Nosadini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001684","article-title":"The treatment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"42","author":"Chwalisz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1756701\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:43:02Z","timestamp":1779342182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1756701\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2026.1756701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1756701","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"article-number":"1756701"}}