{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:32:06Z","timestamp":1777905126751,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a gram-negative bacillus that typically causes gastrointestinal disease and rarely affects the pulmonary system, particularly in immunocompetent children. We report a 4-year-old immunocompetent Saudi boy who presented with severe respiratory distress requiring intubation and was found to have left-sided pleural effusion. Pleural fluid and tracheal aspirate cultures grew\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, while blood, stool, and CSF cultures were negative. Chest computed tomography revealed complicated empyema with necrotizing pneumonia. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, the patient deteriorated and ultimately required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This case illustrates a rare and severe presentation of complicated pulmonary\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in an otherwise healthy child, occurring either following or concurrent with influenza infection. It underscores the critical importance of timely source control and highlights the potential association with cytokine storm in severe disease progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1766995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T06:50:39Z","timestamp":1770879039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A rare case report of Salmonella infection: severe necrotizing pneumonia with empyema in an immunocompetent child"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ghofran Waleed","family":"Sabbahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric, Ministry of Health","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rayan Abdulsamad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatric, Al Aziziyah Children Hospital","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan Saud","family":"Altamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatric, Al Aziziyah Children Hospital","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maram Mashea","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed Salem","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Intensive Care, International Medical Center","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Salmonella. StatPearls","author":"Ajmera","year":"2025"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yapd.2015.04.005","article-title":"Salmonella infections in childhood","volume":"62","author":"Bula-Rudas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr"},{"key":"B3","year":""},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12904","DOI":"10.4081\/ijfs.2024.12904","article-title":"Comprehensive review of salmonellosis: current status of the disease and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Alhumaidan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ital J Food Saf"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.5455\/ajvs.136155","article-title":"Salmonellosis in Saudi Arabia; an underestimated disease?","volume":"67","author":"Alsayeqh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alex J Vet Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.S51184","article-title":"Prevalence of nontyphoidal Salmonella serogroups and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in a university teaching hospital in eastern province of Saudi Arabia","volume":"6","author":"Elhadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"B7","year":""},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1179\/027249304225013295","article-title":"Salmonella bacteraemia in Turkish children: 37 cases seen in a university hospital between 1993 and 2002","volume":"24","author":"Cift\u00e7i","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1089\/10872910260066679","article-title":"Nontyphoidal salmonella bacteremia and pneumonia as the initial manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a four-year-old child","volume":"16","author":"Eaton","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000154331.67419.78","article-title":"Salmonella typhi-infected lung hydatid cyst","volume":"24","author":"Aslam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3390\/children12091248","article-title":"A comprehensive review of pediatric necrotizing pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Ness-Cochinwala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.11.017","article-title":"Black pleural effusion","volume":"126","author":"Saraya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1766995\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T06:50:39Z","timestamp":1770879039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1766995\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2026.1766995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1766995","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"article-number":"1766995"}}