{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:53:30Z","timestamp":1775714010680,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the clinical value of MOG-IgG serum titer change and duration in predicting the relapse of MOGAD in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical data, imaging data and laboratory examination results of 63 children with MOGAD were analyzed, and the relationship between serum MOG-IgG titer, titer status and disease relapse was examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (1) 55 children were positive for MOG-IgG serum titers. According to the titer status, there were 24 cases in the transient positive group and 31 cases in the continuous positive group. There were 36 cases in the low MOG-IgG titer group (\u22641:32) and 19 cases in the high MOG-IgG titer group (&amp;gt;1:32). Eight cases were children with overlap syndrome. (2) Compared with the transient positive group, the probability of relapsing in the persistent positive group may be higher (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      2\u2009=\u20094.685,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030), and the number of relapses may be higher (Z\u2009=\u20092.254,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024). Persistent positive MOG-IgG titers showed a poor long-term prognosis (Z\u2009=\u20092.490,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013). The time to negative MOG-IgG titers in the monophasic course group was shorter than that in the relapsing group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Compared with the low titer group, the high titer group had more cerebrospinal fluid cells (Z\u2009=\u20092.100,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036), and the high titer group had a longer duration of glucocorticoid use (Z\u2009=\u20093.088,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). (3) In multivariate logistic regression, the time of glucocorticoid use was an independent influencing factor of serum MOG-IgG titer at onset (OR: 1.483, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.105\u20131.991,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), and the EDSS score (prognostic score) at the third year was an independent influencing factor of MOG-IgG titer status (OR: 3.021, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.030\u20138.864,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044). (4) The antibody titer in the monophasic group showed a gradual negative trend, and the titer in the relapsing group fluctuated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The persistent positive state of MOG-IgG is an important marker of recurrence and poor prognosis. Children with high titers of MOG-IgG at onset or those who do not turn negative within 3 months may be considered to extend the immunotherapy period. Careful examination of the serum titer status and titer of MOG-IgG, combined with clinical data, can guide the clinical further analysis of the prognosis of MOGAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1767553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:21:22Z","timestamp":1775712082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The relationship between serum MOG-IgG titer status and titers and the prognosis of pediatric MOGAD: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mengfan","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital Graduate Joint Training Base, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Department, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanhong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital Graduate Joint Training Base, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209749","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1209749","article-title":"Pathology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a comparison with multiple sclerosis and aquaporin 4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"14","author":"Takai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e209624","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209624","article-title":"Early maintenance treatment initiation and relapse risk mitigation after a first event of MOGAD in adults: the MOGADOR2 study","volume":"103","author":"Deschamps","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12111529","article-title":"MOGAD involving cranial neuropathies: a case report and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104787","article-title":"Clinical course, imaging, and pathological features of 45 adult and pediatric cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"76","author":"Boudjani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527057","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1527057","article-title":"The nomogram model predicts relapse risk in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a single-center study","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105130","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic features of a cohort of adult and pediatric subjects in the Pacific northwest with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)","volume":"81","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104879","article-title":"Clinical risk factors for recurrence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122909","article-title":"Predictors of relapsing disease course following index event in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)","volume":"458","author":"Molazadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231211119","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of serum MOG-IgG titers in MOGAD after initiation of maintenance immunoglobulin: a case series","volume":"30","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105950","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of pediatric and adult myelin oligodendrocyte antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): a single-center study in the northeast","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103526","article-title":"Clinical analysis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated demyelination in children: a single-center cohort study in China","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330901","article-title":"Clinical feature and disease outcome in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder: a Chinese study","volume":"94","author":"ZhangBao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1858","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005560","article-title":"Clinical spectrum and prognostic value of CNS MOG autoimmunity in adults: the MOGADOR study","volume":"90","author":"Cobo-Calvo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535571","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1535571","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and factors associated with recurrence and long-term prognosis in patients with MOGAD","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-333464","article-title":"Predictors of a relapsing course in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"96","author":"Virupakshaiah","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106631","article-title":"Relapse and disability outcomes in incident MOGAD patients undergoing watchful waiting after onset","volume":"102","author":"Tisavipat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330237","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of quantitative and longitudinal MOG antibody testing in patients with MOGAD: a multicentre retrospective study","volume":"94","author":"Gastaldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1095","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201662","article-title":"Significance of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in CSF: a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"100","author":"Carta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2940","article-title":"Serial anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody analyses and outcomes in children with demyelinating syndromes","volume":"77","author":"Waters","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30488-0","article-title":"Associations of paediatric demyelinating and encephalitic syndromes with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a multicentre observational study","volume":"19","author":"Armangue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26226","article-title":"Complement activation is a prominent feature of MOGAD","volume":"90","author":"Keller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.577110","article-title":"Antibody response against HERV-W in patients with MOG-IgG associated disorders, multiple sclerosis and NMOSD","volume":"338","author":"Arru","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e708","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000708","article-title":"Serum biomarkers in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1814","article-title":"Association of MOG-IgG serostatus with relapse after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and proposed diagnostic criteria for MOG-IgG-associated disorders","volume":"75","author":"L\u00f3pez-Chiriboga","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004312","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of MOG antibodies in children with an acquired demyelinating syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Hennes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e055392","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055392","article-title":"Predictors of relapse in MOG antibody associated disease: a cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Huda","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885218","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.885218","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): a review of clinical and MRI features, Diagnosis, and management","volume":"13","author":"Sechi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13278-8","article-title":"MOG-IgG detection in serum and cerebrospinal fluid: diagnostic implications and clinical correlates in adult-onset Chinese MOGAD patients","volume":"272","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104389","article-title":"Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid cytokines\/chemokines and clinical impact of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders in children","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2025.101944","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): insights into pathogenesis and biomarkers of prognosis","volume":"78","author":"Andersen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-333463","article-title":"Oral corticosteroid dosage and taper duration at onset in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease influences time to first relapse","volume":"95","author":"Trewin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/antib13020043","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody associated disease: an updated review of the clinical spectrum, pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic management","volume":"13","author":"Gklinos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibodies (Basel)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251359450","article-title":"Application of the ADEM definition to cerebral attacks of MOG antibody-associated disease","volume":"31","author":"Hooshmand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20191209-00788","article-title":"Clinical observation on the overlapping syndrome of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and anti-N-methyl-D aspartate receptor in children","volume":"58","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12633-5","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of overlapping syndrome in patients with GFAP-IgG and MOG-IgG: a case series of 8 patients and literature review","volume":"271","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1767553\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:21:23Z","timestamp":1775712083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1767553\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2026.1767553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1767553","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"article-number":"1767553"}}