{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:14:29Z","timestamp":1783977269392,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and patterns of spinal postural abnormalities, particularly the co-occurrence of suspected scoliosis and sagittal spinal deviation, and to identify associated biological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors among early adolescents aged 12 to14 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 school children aged 12 to 14 years. The standardized postural assessments and validated questionnaires were used to obtain data on the spinal alignment, anthropometric measures, pain location, and behavioral and psychosocial characteristics. Frontal and sagittal deviations were assessed through standardized visual inspection procedures. Frontal deviations indicating suspected scoliosis were further examined using the Adam's forward bending test and the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) measured with a scoliometer. Behavioral variables included screen time and preferred posture during screen use, while psychosocial variables comprised knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and self-postural awareness questionnaires. Associated factors were identified by performing comparative analyses and binary logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined suspected scoliosis and sagittal spinal deviations were found in 21.2 percent of participants, with flattened thoracic curvature being the most frequent sagittal abnormality. Logistic regression revealed greater body height (AOR\u2009=\u20091.06, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.11), lower KAP scores (AOR\u2009=\u20090.80, 95% CI: 0.72\u20130.89), while screen time (AOR\u2009=\u20091.22, 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.49) showed a more limited association with combined spinal deviations. Participants with suspected scoliosis reported more frequent upper back pain and lower self-postural awareness than those without deviations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A noteworthy proportion of early adolescents exhibited combined spinal deformities associated with biological and psychosocial\u2013behavioral factors. Greater body height and lower KAP scores showed clearer associations with these conditions, whereas screen time demonstrated a tendency toward an association. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating posture assessment and health education into school-based initiatives. Improving early identification and encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviors may contribute to better spinal health and help reduce the risk of long-term musculoskeletal problems during adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1769144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:48:30Z","timestamp":1776836910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Co-occurrence of suspected scoliosis and sagittal spinal deviations among early adolescents: a school-based cross-sectional study of prevalence and associated factors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Patcharin","family":"Nilmart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University","place":["Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mantana","family":"Vongsirinavarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University","place":["Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226524","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1226524","article-title":"Musculoskeletal health in children and adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Faienza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/paah.217","article-title":"Physiological features of musculoskeletal system formation of adolescents under the influence of directed physical training","volume":"7","author":"Geng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Act Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.0096","article-title":"Etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Kikanloo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318059b5f7","article-title":"Patient characteristics at the initial visit to a scoliosis clinic: a cross-sectional study in a community without school screening","volume":"32","author":"Beausejour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.01.008","article-title":"Upper crossed syndrome in secondary school students: a mixed-method study","volume":"18","author":"de-la-Iglesia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2007.00182.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of poor posture in school children in the Czech Republic","volume":"77","author":"Kratenova","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3390\/life14111463","article-title":"Risk factors involved in postural disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Dop","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.14739\/2310-1210.2020.3.204948","article-title":"The prevalence of posture pathology in school-aged children (results of a population-based study with the use of the computerized photo-geometric program \u201cposture\u201d)","volume":"22","author":"Afanasieva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zaporozhye Med J"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05379-6","article-title":"Thoracic kyphosis in light of lumbosacral alignment in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: recognition of thoracic hypokyphosis and therapeutic implications","volume":"23","author":"Iimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2021.0191","article-title":"Posture of adolescent and the relationship with body mass Index, sex, and physical activity","volume":"18","author":"de Miranda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Obes"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-00989-3","article-title":"Morphology and epidemiological study of idiopathic scoliosis among primary school students in chaozhou, China","volume":"26","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4011","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194011","article-title":"Is there a relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and body mass? 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