{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T17:10:49Z","timestamp":1770397849838,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Testicular viability is the primary basis for selecting the surgical approach during orchiopexy for testicular torsion (TT); however, there is currently a lack of methods that can objectively assess testicular viability intraoperatively. The purpose of this study is to evaluate testicular viability and predict postoperative testicular outcomes using indocyanine green-guided near-infrared fluorescence (ICG-NIRF) imaging during surgery for TT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients treated for TT at our hospital between January 2024 and December 2024. Intraoperative ICG-NIRF imaging was used to assess testicular viability. Cases were classified into three types based on the testicular fluorescence patterns: Type A (extensive parenchymal fluorescence), Type B (fluorescence limited to the tunica vasculosa), and Type C (no fluorescence). Follow-up ultrasounds were performed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively to record testicular volume and blood flow, and to calculate the testicular atrophy index (TAI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study enrolled a total of 19 pediatric patients. The cases were distributed as follows: 8 cases of Type A, 8 cases of Type B, and 3 cases of Type C. At the 6-month postoperative follow-up, Type A testes all showed normal blood flow signals on ultrasound, seven cases exhibited no atrophy, and one case had mild atrophy, the TAI [median (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        P\n                        <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        P\n                        <jats:sub>75<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      )] was 4.75% (\u22120.72, 9.34). Among the 8 Type B testes, ultrasound showed normal blood flow signals in 1 case, reduced blood flow in 5 cases, and absent blood flow in 2 cases. All cases experienced severe atrophy, with a TAI [median (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        P\n                        <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        P\n                        <jats:sub>75<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      )] of 86.95% (83.83, 97.31). Among the 3 Type C testes, ultrasound revealed reduced blood flow signals in 1 case and absent blood flow signals in 2 cases. All cases demonstrated severe atrophy, with a TAI [median (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        P\n                        <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        P\n                        <jats:sub>75<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      )] of 88.15% (86.65, 90.56). There was a statistically significant difference in the TAI on comparison of Type B and Type C with Type A, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The application of ICG-NIRF imaging during surgical intervention for TT can effectively assess testicular viability and predict the prognosis of TT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1770405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T06:48:47Z","timestamp":1770360527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A preliminary study on predicting the prognosis of testicular torsion based on indocyanine green-guided near-infrared fluorescence imaging"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Capital Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Capital Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Capital Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Capital Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Capital Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Capital Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Capital Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical 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