{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T07:55:54Z","timestamp":1772697354789,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gitelman syndrome (GS) presents with a broad range of clinical manifestations. Although uncommon, seizures secondary to severe metabolic alkalosis or hypomagnesemia have been documented. A concurrent diagnosis of epilepsy in patients with GS is even rarer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report the case of a 12-year-old boy whose chief complaint was recurrent convulsions. Initial laboratory evaluation revealed normal serum magnesium levels, which subsequently decreased during follow-up. Persistent hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, and hypomagnesemia in subsequent disease course, as well as mutations of the\n                      <jats:italic>SLC12A3<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, confirmed the diagnosis of GS. Based on long-term monitoring of seizure episodes, electroencephalogram findings, and the electrolyte levels during an epileptic seizure, a diagnosis of epilepsy was established. His seizures were well controlled with levetiracetam.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a case of GS presenting with convulsions as the chief complaint. The etiology of epilepsy in this case remains unclear and may represent either a causal association or a coincidental comorbidity with GS. The mechanism of the atypical dynamics of serum magnesium levels in this patient\u2014normal levels initially followed by a subsequent decrease\u2014warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1772948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:56:09Z","timestamp":1772693769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Long-term follow-up of a schoolboy with Gitelman syndrome and epilepsy\u2014causation or coincidence?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongshan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenfeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"221","article-title":"A new 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pathophysiology","volume":"17","author":"Weisleder","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279389","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/279389","article-title":"Gitelman syndrome in a school boy who presented with generalized convulsion and had a R642H\/R642W mutation in the SLC12A3 gene","volume":"2014","author":"Makino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Pediatr"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.09.015","article-title":"Clinical and genetic characteristics in patients with Gitelman syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Fujimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4204907","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4204907","article-title":"Gitelman syndrome: a rare cause of seizure disorder and a systematic review","volume":"2019","author":"Shahzad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep 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Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.57.3.869","article-title":"Low extracellular magnesium induces epileptiform activity and spreading depression in rat hippocampal slices","volume":"57","author":"Mody","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1772948\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:56:35Z","timestamp":1772693795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1772948\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2026.1772948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1772948","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"article-number":"1772948"}}