{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:04:59Z","timestamp":1779433499066,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to establish normative developmental patterns of cerebral microperfusion using ultra-micro angiography and evaluate regional microvascular differences in neonates across gestational ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 115 neonates from a single-center neonatal intensive care unit or neonatal ward at Peking University Third Hospital (2023\u20132024). The patients were stratified by postmenstrual age into extremely\/very preterm (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930), moderate\/late preterm (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923), and term (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200962) groups, excluding those with major anomalies\/hemodynamic instability. Ultra-micro angiography was performed via the anterior\/sphenoid fontanelles during quiet sleep (3\u201314 days postnatal). Regional color pixel percentage (CPP) and large-vessel hemodynamics [peak systolic velocity [PSV]\/end-diastolic velocity [EDV]\/ resistance index [RI]] were measured.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultra-micro angiography revealed distinct postmenstrual age-dependent microvascular perfusion patterns, with cortical and white matter CPP demonstrating progressive increase across postmenstrual age groups (extremely preterm vs. term infants: frontal lobe CPP 22.97 [IQR 20.12\u201328.92] vs. 47.57 [40.07\u201355.93]; parietal lobe CPP 25.09 [20.96\u201329.94] vs. 47.69 [38.93\u201355.97]), while basal ganglia CPP remained stable [32.96 [30.64\u201335.02] vs. 33.77 [31.52\u201337.46]]. Midline regions consistently exhibited the highest perfusion across all ages [term infants: 66.26 (61.33\u201370.62)]. Concurrent macrovascular assessment showed that anterior\/middle cerebral artery peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities increased with maturation, although resistance indices maintained stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultra-micro angiography-derived CPP quantifies gestational age-dependent microvascular maturation, revealing distinct regional perfusion patterns. Differences in the progression of CPP in various brain regions may serve as a biomarker for risk stratification of neurodevelopment in premature infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1775558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:08:38Z","timestamp":1779430118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative ultra-micro angiography assessment of dynamic cerebral microperfusion patterns by gestational age in neonates: a prospective observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yahui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxia","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinxing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasonography, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongyan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.06.038","article-title":"Graph theoretical modeling of baby brain networks","volume":"185","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors","author":"Chai-Chana","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20211051","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20211051","article-title":"Current understanding and future potential applications of cerebral microvascular imaging in 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