{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T06:07:59Z","timestamp":1779084479129,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catch-up growth (CUG) before two years of age in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is a key predictor of adult short stature. We aimed to establish and temporally validate a prediction nomogram for faltering CUG (FCUG) in full-term SGA infants before two years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective cohort study of full-term SGA infants at West China Second University Hospital, with cohorts defined as: development (January 1996\u2013December 2019) and temporal validation (January 2020\u2013July 2023). Full-term SGA infants, defined by birth weight or length below 10th percentile per INTERGROWTH-21st standards (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091,185 in development;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009294 in validation). FCUG was defined as failure to increase length-for-age\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      score by \u22650.67 above birth\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      score by 24\u202fmonths. Sex, birth weight Z, birth length Z and target height\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      scores were entered into a multivariable logistic model. Discrimination (AUC, sensitivity, specificity), calibration (Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow, calibration plot), internal (1,000 bootstrap resamples) and temporal (2020\u20132023 cohort) validations were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the development cohort, 280 of 1,185 (23.6%) of SGA infants experienced FCUG before age two, compared with 60 of 294 (20.4%) in the temporal validation cohort. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, male sex, lower birth length\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      score, lower birth weight\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      score, and lower target height\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      score were all significantly associated with FCUG (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). These four predictors were incorporated into a nomogram. In the development cohort, the model demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC\u2009=\u20090.810, 95% CI: 0.785\u20130.835) with a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 74% at the optimal cut-off. Bootstrap validation (1,000 resamples) confirmed a stable AUC of 0.810. When applied to the temporal cohort, the nomogram achieved an AUC of 0.784 (95% CI:\u202f0.730\u20130.838), with sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 56%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have developed and temporally validated a clinically applicable nomogram that reliably identifies full-term SGA infants at high risk of failing to achieve catch-up growth by age two. With robust discrimination and calibration, this tool can support early risk stratification and guide targeted nutritional or developmental interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1792285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T05:43:43Z","timestamp":1779083023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A prediction nomogram for faltering catch-up growth in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sufei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital\/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1159\/000449275","article-title":"Small at birth, but how small? 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