{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:52:53Z","timestamp":1776664373453,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of parechovirus A (PeV-A) in respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used clinical and virological data from two observational studies to study PeV-A in RTIs in children: a study of children admitted to hospital with RTI, and a study of children examined for RTI while attending day care centres. All had clinical examination and one nasopharyngeal aspirate analysed for PeV-A and 18 other viruses and bacteriae by culture and PCR-tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the hospital study 4.6% (15\/323) PeV-A positive RTIs were single virus detections. In 95.4% (308\/323) other viruses were co-detected, including 28 with PeV-A and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 77 with PeV-A and human rhinovirus (HRV). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed strong association between single PeV-A and upper RTI (URTI) vs. lower RTI (LRTI) (age-adjusted OR 11.3, 95% CI 3.1\u221241.3). By retrospective evaluation of medical records, PeV-A was a likely cause of mainly pharyngitis and tonsillitis in 10\/15 children with single PeV-A. In multivariable logistic regression modelling the presence of PeV-A had no impact on clinical manifestations and short-term outcomes in children with codetected RSV and HRV. In the day-care study PeV-A was detected in 30 children, among who 8\/10 with single PeV-A had pharyngitis and tonsillitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single PeV-A detection was associated with pharyngitis and tonsillitis among children in day-care and hospital. Most hospitalized children with PeV-A had LRTI and viral codetections, but the presence of PeV-A did not impact disease severity in those with RSV and HRV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1818273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:23:59Z","timestamp":1776662639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical manifestations in children with parechovirus A and respiratory tract infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lars H\u00f8s\u00f8ien","family":"Skanke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs University Hospital","place":["Trondheim, 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Arne","family":"Nordb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs University Hospital","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"D\u00f8llner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs University Hospital","place":["Trondheim, 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