{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:03:43Z","timestamp":1780470223852,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major brain injury in very preterm and\/or very low birth weight infants. We developed a simple model to distinguish severe IVH from mild IVH among very preterm and\/or very low birth weight infants with IVH using routinely available perinatal factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective multicenter study included infants born at &amp;lt;32 weeks\u2019 gestation and\/or with birth weight\u2009&amp;lt;\u20091,500\u2005g admitted to three tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in northern China (January 2023\u2013December 2024). IVH was assessed by cranial ultrasonography and graded by the modified Papile system; grades III\u2013IV were defined as severe. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariable logistic regression were used to build a nomogram. Discrimination and calibration were evaluated, internal validation was performed using bootstrap resampling, and decision curve analysis was used as an exploratory assessment of clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 161 infants with IVH, gestational age, base excess (BE), and meningitis-consistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities were retained as predictors. The apparent C-index\/AUC was 0.744 (95% CI: 0.653\u20130.834), and the optimism-corrected C-index\/AUC after bootstrap internal validation was 0.727 (95% CI: 0.646\u20130.826). The Brier score was 0.171, and the optimism-corrected calibration slope was 0.934.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among very preterm and\/or very low birth weight infants with IVH, a nomogram based on gestational age, BE, and meningitis-consistent CSF abnormalities may help preliminary risk stratification and identify infants who may warrant closer cranial ultrasound surveillance and monitoring. External validation is required before broader clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1838932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:07:52Z","timestamp":1780466872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm and\/or very low birth weight infants: a nomogram approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenying","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital","place":["Cangzhou, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, 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