{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:05:15Z","timestamp":1779433515789,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) vs. nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants and to evaluate their associations with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and respiratory outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study included 200 preterm infants who received either NIPPV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009100) or NCPAP (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009100) as initial non-invasive respiratory support within 24\u2005h after birth. Data on respiratory support, arterial blood gases, BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, reintubation, feeding outcomes, other morbidities, and hospitalization duration were compared.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The primary outcome was bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The incidence of BPD was lower in the NIPPV group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011). Secondary outcomes included lower rates of invasive ventilation (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010), higher minimum pH (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017), lower maximum partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011), higher minimum partial pressure of oxygen (PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), shorter duration of oxygen therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012), lower reintubation rate within the first week (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010), and shorter hospital stay (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025). Multivariable analysis identified NIPPV as an independent protective factor against BPD (OR\u2009=\u20090.446,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). No significant differences were observed in other neonatal morbidities or feeding outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early NIPPV compared to NCPAP is associated with reduced need for invasive ventilation, improved gas exchange, lower incidence of BPD, and shorter hospitalization in preterm infants without increasing adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1840489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:10:25Z","timestamp":1779430225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure on improving bronchopulmonary dysplasia outcomes in preterm 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