{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:00:40Z","timestamp":1785308440242,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of nonoperative management in infants aged \u226412 months with first-time infected urachal cysts, with a focus on comparing treatment responses between the \u22646-month and 6\u201312-month age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data and follow-up outcomes of infants aged \u226412 months with first-time infected urachal cysts admitted between January 2012 and January 2026. All patients initially received nonoperative management (including antibiotic therapy alone, or antibiotic therapy combined with ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage). Clinical characteristics and cyst regression were recorded. Patients were stratified by age into the \u22646-month group and the 6\u201312-month group for comparison. Cyst outcomes were classified into three categories: complete resolution, marked regression (\u226550% reduction with residual lesions), and treatment failure (requiring surgery).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 49 infants were enrolled. Umbilical local manifestations were the most common presenting symptoms (79.6%), and the abscess formation rate was 75.5%. The complete resolution rate was 79.6% (39\/49), the marked regression rate was 8.2% (4\/49), and the eventual surgical rate was 12.2% (6\/49). The complete resolution rates were 77.3% and 81.5% in the \u22646-month and 6\u201312-month groups, respectively; however, the younger group had a significantly higher rate of percutaneous drainage (90.9% vs. 62.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024). All infants who required surgery had their surgical indications established within 3 months after infection control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In infants (\u226412 months of age) with first-time infected urachal cysts, the majority achieve complete cyst resolution after nonoperative management. The observation that all surgical cases clustered within 3 months after infection control warrants attention, but it should not be used as a definitive surgical decision threshold. These conclusions are based on short-term follow-up data; long-term safety requires further confirmation through extended follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1870300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:03:30Z","timestamp":1785305010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical features and nonoperative strategy for first-time infected urachal cysts in infants"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Baifeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Medical University","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.194","article-title":"Urachal anomalies: a longitudinal study of urachal remnants in children and adults","volume":"178","author":"Ashley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016160062","article-title":"Imaging of the urachus: anomalies, complications, and mimics","volume":"36","author":"Parada 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