{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:51:15Z","timestamp":1782449475088,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The conservative management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) typically involves protracted treatment cycles; however, conventional modalities articularly exercise therapies often suffer from poor patient compliance due to the heavy burden of prolonged parental supervision. To address these clinical challenges, we propose Stick-assisted manipulation (SAM), a novel physical intervention based on manual therapy. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this novel SAM approach in the treatment of AIS, offering a potential solution to overcome barriers in treatment adherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with scoliosis who were treated exclusively with SAM, a manual therapy based physical intervention at our institution between January 2023 and August 2024. Treatment efficacy was assessed by comparing pre- and post-treatment radiographic and clinical parameters, including the Cobb angle, vertebral body rotation (VBR) grade, shoulder height difference (SHD), and coronal balance index (CBI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After a 1-month treatment course consisting of four SAM sessions, the mean Cobb angle decreased significantly from 18.24\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200910.16\u00b0 to 13.10\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200911.39\u00b0 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). And the Cobb angle improved by \u22656\u00b0 in 22 of 57 patients (38.60%). Significant improvements were also observed in SHD and VBR grade. No treatment-related complications or adverse events were recorded during the intervention period or throughout post-treatment follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SAM demonstrates favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with AIS, with a good safety profile. These findings suggest that SAM may represent a broadly applicable and safe conservative treatment option for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1871248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:40:23Z","timestamp":1782448823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiographic outcomes of stick-assisted manipulation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective study of 57 patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xingda","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rueishiuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuangzhuang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaojun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-024-09939-2","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: advances in diagnosis and management","volume":"18","author":"Jinnah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","article-title":"2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation 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