{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:03:20Z","timestamp":1782975800683,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004937","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung und Technologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007210","name":"RWTH Aachen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The estimation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is of interest in extremely premature infants. Neonatal intensive care units use transcutaneous pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      monitoring (tcpCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) as a trend parameter and continuous estimate of pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Our objective was to identify candidate influence factors on the accuracy of tcpCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in extremely premature infants in their first week of life.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a retrospective cohort study, linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the influence of patient characteristics, vital signs and tcpCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      dynamics on the difference of tcpCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and capillary pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      as reference (\u0394pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Candidate parameters identified in univariate analyses were incorporated into multivariable models to confirm their effect on \u0394pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      500 measurements from 29 extremely preterm infants were analyzed. Postnatal age, mean fraction of inspired oxygen, tcpCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , capillary pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , last tcpCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and last \u0394pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were positively associated with \u0394pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , while gestational age and hemoglobin were negatively associated with \u0394pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These candidate parameters may be used to enhance the non-invasive estimation of pCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      from tcpCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the future.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00033228, first registered 29 August 2024,\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/drks.de\/search\/en\/trial\/DRKS00033228\/details<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      )\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1878177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:34:59Z","timestamp":1782970499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient characteristics, vital signs and tcpCO2 dynamics significantly influence tcpCO2 accuracy in extremely preterm infants: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lena","family":"Olivier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Lauterbach Oprea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Embedded Software (Computer Science 11), RWTH Aachen University","place":["Aachen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Stollenwerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Embedded Software (Computer Science 11), RWTH Aachen University","place":["Aachen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Pfannschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Embedded Software (Computer Science 11), RWTH Aachen 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