{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:30:39Z","timestamp":1786116639715,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count at birth and blood transfusions received prior to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) are both associated with the risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We examined the association of these two factors with the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analyzed records of infants in five Intermountain Health Neonatal Intensive Care Units during the past four years who were born &amp;lt;32 weeks gestation, had an NRBC count at birth, and BPD scoring. We expressed NRBC counts as multiples of the control mean (MoM), with the control mean determined by the\n                      <jats:italic>refineR<\/jats:italic>\n                      algorithm. We report red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusions received before 36 weeks PMA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The NRBC count of 896 infants was not independently associated with BPD risk. However, RBC transfusions received before 36 weeks were associated with BPD risk (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). All 39 infants who developed severe BPD received multiple RBC transfusions (volume range 36\u2013501\u2005mL\/kg) and 15 (38%) also received platelet transfusions (range 16\u2013489\u2005mL\/kg).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An elevated NRBC count at birth is not an independent risk factor for developing severe BPD, but the number and volume of RBC transfusions received are associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1880763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:18:36Z","timestamp":1786015116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The risk of developing severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: evaluating associations with the nucleated red blood cell count at birth and volume of transfusions received"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bailey B.","family":"Zeiler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, UT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, UT, United States"]},{"name":"Neonatology Research and Clinical Program, Intermountain Health","place":["Murray, UT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khanh V.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology & Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, UT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel L.","family":"Addams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, and ARUP Laboratories","place":["Salt Lake City, UT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth F.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica A.","family":"Swenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, and ARUP Laboratories","place":["Salt Lake City, UT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin K.","family":"Ohls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, UT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, UT, United States"]},{"name":"Neonatology Research and Clinical Program, Intermountain Health","place":["Murray, UT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2348OC","article-title":"The diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants. 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