{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:01:30Z","timestamp":1790146890640,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are a group of autoantibodies classically associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a disease strongly linked to thrombosis and pregnancy loss. However, non-thrombotic manifestations are increasingly reported, including neurological, hematological, renal, and cardiac involvement. Information is limited at this level. Understanding the role of these antibodies is fundamental to rheumatological practice, especially in the pediatric population where information on this topic is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe non-thrombotic characteristics in pediatric patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies at a tertiary care hospital in Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, observational, descriptive study was conducted. This study documented non-thrombotic clinical manifestations in pediatric patients with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Our patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome. Patients with thrombosis were not included in this study. All patients were evaluated by the pediatric rheumatology team.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen patients were included. Hematological alterations were the most prevalent (72% of patients presented with characteristics, including thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, or leukopenia), followed by neurological manifestations. The most frequent antibody was anti-beta-2-glycoprotein-1, and 22% of patients had a triple positive profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most frequent manifestation reported in our group of patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies was thrombocytopenia and hematological manifestations in general. The principal antibody reported was the anti-beta-2-glycoprotein-1. We need more studies to get a better understanding about the relation between positive antiphospholipid antibodies and non-thrombotic features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1882869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:17:44Z","timestamp":1790144264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-thrombotic manifestations in pediatric patients with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. A Mexican tertiary center case series"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Meza Luna","family":"Ariadna Marisol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Hospital de la Ni\u00f1ez Poblana","place":["Puebla, Puebla"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garc\u00eda Herrera","family":"Iris Paola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Rheumatology Department, Hospital de la Ni\u00f1ez Poblana","place":["Puebla, Puebla"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebolledo Zamora","family":"Alejandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hospital de la Ni\u00f1ez Poblana","place":["Puebla, Puebla"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparicio Vera","family":"Luis Alberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Rheumatology Department, Hospital de la Ni\u00f1ez Poblana","place":["Puebla, Puebla"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15047","article-title":"Guidance from the scientific and standardization committee for lupus anticoagulant\/antiphospholipid antibodies of the international society on thrombosis and haemostasis: update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection and interpretation","volume":"18","author":"Devreese","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726820","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.726820","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibody assays in 2021: looking for a predictive value in addition to a diagnostic one","volume":"12","author":"Meroni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x","article-title":"International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)","volume":"4","author":"Miyakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224609","article-title":"2023 ACR\/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria","volume":"82","author":"Barbhaiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-0887-9","article-title":"Pediatric APS: state of the art","volume":"22","author":"Soybilgic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1100","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1209","article-title":"Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic features of 121 patients in an international registry","volume":"122","author":"Av\u010din","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/1-84628-009-5_20","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome in Mexican children","volume":"14","author":"Zamora-Ustaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-022-00673-y","article-title":"Primary antiphospholipid syndrome in pediatrics: beyond thrombosis. Report of 32 cases and review of the evidence","volume":"20","author":"Torres-Jimenez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.124","article-title":"Diagnosing antiphospholipid syndrome: \u201cextra-criteria\u201d manifestations and technical advances","volume":"13","author":"Sciascia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764472","article-title":"Pediatric presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome: a review of recent literature with estimation of local prevalence","volume":"50","author":"Radin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2011.07.014","article-title":"Profil des anticorps antiphospholipides et risque de thrombose: \u00e9tude comparative entre thrombop\u00e9nie immunologique chronique et syndrome des antiphospholipides primaire","volume":"32","author":"Moulis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e3282eff771","article-title":"Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I in childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"19","author":"El-Bostany","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00916-w","article-title":"Mechanisms of immunothrombosis and vasculopathy in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Knight","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4200","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084200","article-title":"VWF, platelets and the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9091170","article-title":"Immune thrombocytopenia in antiphospholipid syndrome: is it primary or secondary?","volume":"9","author":"Tomasello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033251332258","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients: descriptive analysis of the AntiPhospholipid syndrome alliance for clinical trials and InternatiOnal networking (APS ACTION) clinical database and repository (\u201cregistry\u201d)","volume":"34","author":"Erton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103417","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in antiphospholipid syndrome: is anticoagulation and\/or antiaggregation always required?","volume":"23","author":"Zuily","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2016.11.026","article-title":"Trombocitopenia como factor de riesgo tromb\u00f3tico en pacientes con anticuerpos antifosfolip\u00eddicos sin criterios de enfermedad","volume":"148","author":"Demetrio Pablo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg080","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement in the antiphospholipid (hughes) syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Sanna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n0105","article-title":"High association of anticardiolipin antibodies with psychosis","volume":"59","author":"Schwartz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"280","article-title":"Acute psychotic symptoms: a manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome or infarction of corpus callosum","volume":"27","author":"Karabekiro\u011flu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200601900421","article-title":"Psychiatric manifestations as a primary symptom in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Manna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.11.005","article-title":"Association of psychosis with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a systematic review of clinical studies","volume":"50","author":"Hallab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12010091","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Man","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/23772484.2024.2333466","article-title":"Hearing loss induced by primary antiphospholipid syndrome and its improvement by cochlear implant: a clinical case report","volume":"9","author":"P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Case Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01008","article-title":"Renal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Turrent-Carriles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01181","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy: from pathogenesis to treatment","volume":"9","author":"Tektonidou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00352-4","article-title":"The expanding spectrum of renal diseases associated with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Fakhouri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.3516","article-title":"Proliferative glomerulonephritis and primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Abdalla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V103507","article-title":"The intrarenal vascular lesions associated with primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Nochy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh910","article-title":"Steroid-responsive focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome with successful pregnancy outcome","volume":"20","author":"Bhowmik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00460110","article-title":"Renal involvement in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: retrospective analysis of 160 patients","volume":"5","author":"Sinico","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670000426","article-title":"Non-lupus nephropathy associated with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"15","author":"Ohtomo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"102","article-title":"Atypical renal onset and involvement in primary antiphospholipid syndrome in a child","volume":"16","author":"Minisola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00362","article-title":"The differences between childhood and adult onset antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Wincup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-211001","article-title":"European evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of paediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: the SHARE initiative","volume":"76","author":"Groot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0775-8","article-title":"Primary thrombosis prophylaxis in persistently antiphospholipid antibody-positive individuals: where do we stand?","volume":"20","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9717.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Bertolaccini","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2016.1.714","article-title":"What is the role of hydroxychloroquine in reducing thrombotic risk in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies?","volume":"2016","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.019","article-title":"Patient-level analysis of five international cohorts confirms the efficacy of aspirin for primary prevention of thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"14","author":"Arnaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021331","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine as an immunomodulatory and antithrombotic treatment in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Arachchillage","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.06.026","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome and kidney disease","volume":"91","author":"Bienaim\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1882869\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:17:45Z","timestamp":1790144265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1882869\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fped.2026.1882869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2026.1882869","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"article-number":"1882869"}}