{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:10:08Z","timestamp":1788952208354,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been a standard therapy for short children born small for gestational age (SGA) since 2001 (FDA) and 2003 (EMA), yet no bibliometric analysis has mapped this field's intellectual structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Publications were retrieved from four databases, Lens.org (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091,184), OpenAlex (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091,343), Web of Science Core Collection (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091,121), and Scopus (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091,589), yielding 793 unique records after DOI-based merging, therapeutic-relevance filtering, conference-abstract removal, and expert-led relevance auditing, restricted to the 30 complete calendar years 1996\u20132025. Analyses included publication trends, Bradford's and Lotka's Laws, co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence networks, geographic mapping, citation metrics, open access (OA) trends, keyword trend analysis across three regulatory phases, and transformer-based topic modeling (BERTopic).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The field showed three phases temporally aligned with regulatory milestones, stabilizing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3% (2011\u20132025). Hormone Research in Paediatrics (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009107) and the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp;amp; Metabolism (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200989) were the leading sources. Hokken-Koelega ACS was the most prolific author (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200981, combining name variants). The United States (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009115), the Netherlands (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009111), and Germany (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200995) led in output across 67 countries. The corpus-level h-index was 66, with 19,415 total citations and a Gini coefficient of 0.69 indicating substantial citation inequality. An unadjusted comparison of citations by open-access status was null (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.86); however, after adjusting for citation age and document type, open-access articles received 2.2-fold more citations than closed-access articles (incidence-rate ratio 2.20, 95% CI 1.84\u20132.63), an association that attenuated but persisted within journals (1.45). BERTopic identified 7 research themes from 771 abstracts, showing a temporal shift from basic efficacy studies toward molecular and genetic diagnostics (GH\u2013IGF-I axis, Silver\u2013Russell syndrome, genetic short stature) and patient-centered outcomes. Keyword trend analysis across three regulatory phases identified 8 terminological shifts that remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction, including a decline in \u201cIUGR\u201d usage (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200966.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and a rise in observational\/registry studies (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200937.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rhGH\u2013SGA literature shows a maturing research landscape with increasing thematic diversification from efficacy studies toward molecular and genetic diagnostics and patient-centered outcomes. Keyword trend analysis reveals measurable shifts in terminology, study methodology, and patient populations, identifying gaps and emerging directions that can inform future trial design and funding priorities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1903046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:15:20Z","timestamp":1788948920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three decades of recombinant human growth hormone research in children born small for gestational age: a bibliometric analysis (1996\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"G\u00fclin","family":"Karacan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan 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