{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T06:19:20Z","timestamp":1787552360631,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between the timing of chewable complementary food introduction and functional speech disorders (FSD) in children, and to identify independent risk and protective factors with a primary focus on quantifying the effect of delayed chewable food introduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case-control study was conducted including 90 children diagnosed with FSD and 90 healthy controls aged 2\u20138 years. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, electronic screen exposure, parent-child interaction, perinatal risk factors, and complementary feeding practices. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess independent associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Delayed introduction of chewable complementary foods (\u226512 months) was the strongest independent risk factor for FSD (fully adjusted OR\u2009=\u200935.20, 95% CI: 10.15\u2013122.04,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Prolonged screen exposure (&amp;gt;2\u2005h\/day) and perinatal high-risk factors were additional risk factors. Female gender and increased parent-child interaction (&amp;gt;2\u2005h\/day) were protective factors. Subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of the main association across gender, age, and screen exposure subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delayed introduction of chewable complementary foods beyond 12 months is a critical, independent, and modifiable risk factor for childhood FSD. Timely introduction of chewable foods before age 1 year, combined with limited screen time and enhanced parent-child interaction, may serve as a reference to lower FSD risk in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1913696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:28:25Z","timestamp":1787549305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between the timing of chewable complementary food introduction and functional speech disorders in children: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Houbin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 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