{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:55:25Z","timestamp":1790920525447,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disseminated Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) disease is a rare but life-threatening complication in children with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Linezolid (LZD) is effective but limited by myelosuppression. Contezolid (CZD), a novel oxazolidinone, has shown better hematological safety in adults, but pediatric data are scarce. This retrospective case series aims to provide real-world experience on CZD use in this challenging population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case description<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report three children (aged 3\u20139.5 months) with PID (Wiskott\u2013Aldrich syndrome, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, and IL-12 receptor \u03b21 deficiency) who developed clinically presumed or confirmed disseminated BCG disease after routine vaccination. All received CZD-containing regimens (12\u201320\u2005mg\/kg\/dose, q12\u2005h) alongside other antimycobacterial agents and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 11\u201312 months of CZD-containing multidrug therapy followed by 1 year of post-treatment telephone follow-up, all patients achieved satisfactory clinical resolution of infectious lesions and no clinical relapse was observed. No CZD-attributable hematological, hepatic, renal, or neurological adverse events occurred. However, because all patients received concurrent HSCT and multiple antimycobacterial agents, the independent contribution of CZD cannot be determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CZD-containing regimens were well tolerated and associated with clinical improvement in these complex cases. CZD may serve as a valuable alternative when LZD is poorly tolerated. However, definitive attribution of efficacy to CZD alone is precluded by concurrent HSCT and multi-drug therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2026.1928342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:35:49Z","timestamp":1790919349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Contezolid-containing regimens for disseminated Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin disease in three children with primary immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Disease, The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Suzhou\/The Affiliated Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Disease, The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Suzhou\/The Affiliated Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Disease, The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Suzhou\/The Affiliated Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Disease, The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Suzhou\/The Affiliated Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Disease, The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Suzhou\/The Affiliated Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Disease, The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Suzhou\/The Affiliated Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Disease, The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Suzhou\/The Affiliated Infections Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.13668\/j.issn.1006-9070.2024.02.018","article-title":"Surveillance of suspected adverse events following immunization with Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccine in Jiangsu province from 2018 to 2022","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jiangsu J Prev Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae497","article-title":"Linezolid pharmacokinetic-anemia modeling in children with rifampicin-resistant 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